The Jamestown Massacre :: American America History

The Jamestown Massacre104 manpower were sent to form Jamestown in 1607. 4 months later on they arrived, 70 had died. Thousands were sent to take their place over the next 3 years, but they also died. Why? * Jamestown was founded on may 14 1607, by a small group led by Christopher Newport who was hired by the London company to transport colonists. * Jamestown was the first permanent English settle workforcet in America. * legion(predicate) settlers died in the winter of 1609-1610. * Survivors were encouraged to stay by more settlers and supplies which came the following June * In 1612 tobacco farming was started * Native Americans often attacked the village. * Jamestown was burned down in 1676Could the reason that so many died have been starvation?It seems that the winter of 1609 was so bad that the many of the colonists died of starvation. They were made to eat their own excrement and flesh. They ate Indians and animals from the colony, including horses, dogs and rats, or anything they could find. But this was hard to believe, as the island was full of food. Maybe the cause of death was drought. Scientists have discovered that the worst drought in many years was in the midst of 1604 and 1609. They can tell this because of the tree samples that have been taken. No water meant that crops wouldnt grow, and animals would die, as well as humans. The problem with this theory is that down river, there was excess food. The men could have been too weak to gather food. Why? Maybe the colonists died because of disease?The men could have got diseases from the water that they drank. The position of the settlement was not ideal, although it was very wide military position. The water that the settlers drank was out of the river, but the water around the island was stagnant, it didnt move. All the sewage from the island was poured straight into the river, this meant that the men were drinking raw sewage. A lot of men died of Bloody Flux and typhoid, these are typical sewa ge related diseases. The colonists knew about the risks of drinking the water, but they had no choice, they had to drink something. Internal Politics could have played a break up in the unexplained deaths at Jamestown. Before Christmas in 1606 there was a dispute over who would lead the expedition to colonise Jamestown.

Make-up Art Cosmetics :: essays research papers

Make-Up Art CosmeticsMake-up Art Cosmetics, also known as M.A.C. cosmetics is a highly uniquecorporation. Its founders and business strategies argon instead simple yetextremely effective in contributing to the companies success. The company doesnot use any fancy business schemes and it is truly concerned with its consumers.In the petitioninning, the company struggled to get started, but now a multimilliondollar (and still growing) enterprise, M.A.C. probably has some of the mostpopular and most demanded for cosmetics available in the market. M.A.C.Cosmetics is a dynamic company which produces skin and hair care, beautyproducts, and cosmetics, created for everyone. Rich and poor, old or young,conservative or trendy and even for males or females. Sales for M.A.C. aregrowing rapidly. From 1985 ($600 000) to 1989 ($3 million), sales were steady.Then in 1990 the money really started to pour in, hitting $8.5 million then $18million in1991. Last long time sales (1996) were $70 million an d now this yearsestimations are a substantial $160 million. There are currently 108 locationsbetween Canada, the U.S., and Europe, with extreme success in London, England.Although the company could easily expand to may more locations, the companywould prefer not to, at least no so fast. They believe that in nine tomaintain high levels of quality, staying in control, (which means going slowly)is the key. Frank Toskan, 45, founder and CEO of Make-up Art Cosmetics, waspreviously a Canadian hairstylist, make-up creative person and photographer, whodeveloped his own professional cosmetics because he felt that the existing linescouldnt link with the harsh lighting used in photography, stage , film andvideo work. oer the last 10 years, 160 shades of lipsticks in 7 differentfinishes, 150 eye shadows, 60 blushes and hair care have been created for thepublic. Toskan first started at his kitchen table with the help of his highschool chemistry book. With Victor Casale, his chemist brother-in- law, heblended a few new colours. One year later, Toskan organize a partnership withFrank Angelo, a veteran entrepreneur (previous owner of a chain of beautysalons). At first they were turned down by banks, they had to mortgageeverything in order to get the company going. M.A.C. was officially launched in1985, in an old, run-down location in Toronto (Cabbagetown). For years M.A.C.was looked upon as too weird. In1988, Toskan and Angelo had to beg downtownSimpsons -now the Hudsons Bay Company, to take their line of products. Theywere given a small corner and it soon became the most popular counter in the

The Lack of Stringent Educational Values in America Essay examples --

Since I was a child, I make up been a product of the American public educational system. From a young age, my classmates and I have forever been told to study hard and we would do great things. This is true, for the most part, however, there is one tragic flaw in this statement. A person can always strive to be the best, but without the proper structure or guidance, he or she will never be able to reach their full potential. Robert Fellini is a prime example of never being able to reach his full potential because of the lack of guidance during his scholastic life. Fellini is a dear friend of exploit and study partner for years. Like myself, he is a product of the public educational system. Although he has graduated from college, where does his life take him now? To be a security guard at a bank. This is what Fellini is currently doing for employment. While studying with Fellini, he mentioned his aspirations to become a lawyer. He definitely had the kn owledge and the ambition, but his contraband flaw was the lack of support from both his educators and personal family. The educational system is better in Asia than in America because of the values instilled in students at a young age. In Asian countries, such as China and Japan, children are taught from a young age that there is nothing more valuable in the world than an education. This is quite different from the teachings of American children. In Talking to High Monks in the Snow by Lydia Minatoya, we find that the attitude of the students she taught in Boston were greatly less appreciative and wishful as the students she taught in Japan and China. Throughout her journey, both the students from Japan and China resembled a more studious and advantageous... ...to become ambitious if there are no educators to motivate them? Japan and China have one very important thing in common, their educators are well value and their student body is far more intelligent than America. W hat would happen if America became a country of academic supremacy? If we were to become a global titan in the academic world, and combine that with our economical and living aspirations, what would be the disadvantage in living in such a country?Works CitedHassett, Kevin A. Rethinking Competitiveness. Washington, D.C. AEI, 2012. Print.Healey, Nigel M. Is high Education in Really Internationalising? Higher Education 55.3 (2008) 333-55. JSTOR. Web. Nov.-Dec. 2013. .Minatoya, Lydia Y. Talking to High Monks in the Snow An Asian American Odyssey. New York, NY HarperCollins, 1992. Print.

Murder in the Bible Essay -- Murder Violence Bible Crime Christianity

Murder in the BibleThe act of murder is rearing in the Bible. In much of the Bible, especially the Old Testament, there argon laws that command that people be killed for absurd reasons such as working on the Sabbath, being gay, cursing your parents, or not being a virgin on your wedding night. In addition to these crazy and immoral laws, there are plenty of examples of Gods irrationality by his direct killing of many people for reasons that defy any rational explanation such as killing children who bring about fun of bald people, and the killing of a man who tried to keep the ark of God from falling during transport. There are also countless examples of mass murders commanded by God, including the murder of women, infants, and children.The following passages are a very small percentage of the total passages approving of murder in the Bible. They are divided here into iii parts 1) Capital Punishment Crimes, 2) Gods Murders for Stupid Reasons, 3) Murdering Children, and 4) Miscellan eous Murders. This list is long, but it barely scratches the surface of all the murders approved of in the Bible.1) Capital Punishment Crimes annihilate People Who Dont Listen to PriestsAny nonpareil arrogant enough to reject the verdict of the judge or of the priest who represents the LORD your God must be put to death. such evil must be purged from Israel. (Deuteronomy 1712 NLT)Kill Witches You should not let a sorceress live. (Exodus 2217 NAB)Kill HomosexualsIf a man lies with a male as with a women, both of them shall be put to death for their abominable deed they bring in forfeited their lives. (Leviticus 2013 NAB)Kill FortunetellersA man or a woman who acts as a medium or fortuneteller shall be put to death by stoning they have no one but themselves to blame for their death. (Leviticus 2027 NAB)Death for Hitting DadWhoever strikes his father or mother shall be put to death. (Exodus 2115 NAB)Death for Cursing Parents1) If one abuses his father or mother, his lamp will go out at the coming of darkness. (Proverbs 2020 NAB)2) All who curse their father or mother must be put to death. They are guilty of a capital offense. (Leviticus 209 NLT)Death for AdulteryIf a man commits adultery with another mans wife, both the man and the woman must be put to death. (Leviticus 2010 NLT)... ...f Baal. Dont let a single one escape So the people seized them all, and Elijah took them down to the Kishon Valley and killed them there. (1 Kings 1836-40 NLT)Kill All of BabylonGo up, my warriors, against the body politic of Merathaim and against the people of Pekod. Yes, march against Babylon, the land of rebels, a land that I will judge Pursue, kill, and completely destroy them, as I have commanded you, says the LORD. Let the battle cry be heard in the land, a shout of great destruction. (Jeremiah 5021-22 NLT)Micah Kills a Whole Town Then, with Micahs idols and his priest, the men of Dan came to the townshipsfolk of Laish, whose people were peaceful and secure. They attac ked and killed all the people and burned the town to the ground. There was no one to rescue the residents of the town, for they lived a great distance from Sidon and had no allies nearby. This happened in the valley near Beth-rehob.Then the people of the tribe of Dan rebuilt the town and lived there. They renamed the town Dan after their ancestor, Israels son, but it had originally been called Laish. (Judges 1827-29 NLT) (Note that God approves of this slaughter in verse 6.)

Macroeconomic Equilibrium :: Economics

Macroeconomic EquilibriumIntroductionMacroeconomic equilibrium for an economy in the short run isestablished when mass demand intersects with short-run compound picture. At the price level Pe, the aggregate demand for goods and services isequal to the aggregate come out of payoff. The widening and the generalprice level in the economy will tend to adjust towards thisequilibrium position.If the price level is too high, on that point will be an excess supply ofoutput. If the price level is below equilibrium, in that respect will be excessdemand in the short run. In both situations there should be a processtaking the economy towards the equilibrium level of output.Consider for example a situation where aggregate supply is greaterthan current demand. This will lead to a build up in stocks(inventories) and this sends a signal to producers either to cutprices (to stimulate an increase in demand) or to reduce output so asto reduce the build up of excess stocks. Either way - there is atendency for output to move closer to the current level of demand.There may be occasions when in the short run, the economy cannot meetan increase in demand. This is to a greater extent likely to occur when an economyreaches full-employment of factor resources. In this situation, theaggregate supply curve in the short run becomes increasinglyinelastic.The diagram below tracks the ensnare of this. We see aggregate demandrising but the economy finds it difficult to raise (expand) take. There is a small increase in real matter output, but themain marrow is to put upward pressure on the general price level.Shortages of resources will lead to a general rise in be and prices.Impact of a change in aggregate supplySuppose that increased efficiency and productivity together with lowerinput be (e.g. of essential raw materials) causes the short runaggregate supply curve to shift outwards. (I.e. an increase in supply- assume no shift in aggregate demand).The diagram below shows what is likely to happen. AS shifts outwardsand a new macroeconomic equilibrium will be established. The pricelevel has locomote and real national output (in equilibrium) hasincreased to Y2.Aggregate supply would shift inwards if there is a rise in the unitcosts of product in the economy. For example there might be a risein unit wage costs perhaps caused by higher return not compensated forby higher labour productivity.External economic shocksmight also cause the aggregate supply curve toshift inwards. For example a sharp rise in global commodity prices. IfAS shifts to the left, assuming no change in the aggregate demandcurve, we expect to see a higher price level (this is known asMacroeconomic Equilibrium EconomicsMacroeconomic EquilibriumIntroductionMacroeconomic equilibrium for an economy in the short run isestablished when aggregate demand intersects with short-run aggregatesupply. At the price level Pe, the aggregate demand for goods and services isequal to the aggregate supply o f output. The output and the generalprice level in the economy will tend to adjust towards thisequilibrium position.If the price level is too high, there will be an excess supply ofoutput. If the price level is below equilibrium, there will be excessdemand in the short run. In both situations there should be a processtaking the economy towards the equilibrium level of output.Consider for example a situation where aggregate supply is greaterthan current demand. This will lead to a build up in stocks(inventories) and this sends a signal to producers either to cutprices (to stimulate an increase in demand) or to reduce output so asto reduce the build up of excess stocks. Either way - there is atendency for output to move closer to the current level of demand.There may be occasions when in the short run, the economy cannot meetan increase in demand. This is more likely to occur when an economyreaches full-employment of factor resources. In this situation, theaggregate supply curve in th e short run becomes increasinglyinelastic.The diagram below tracks the effect of this. We see aggregate demandrising but the economy finds it difficult to raise (expand)production. There is a small increase in real national output, but themain effect is to put upward pressure on the general price level.Shortages of resources will lead to a general rise in costs and prices.Impact of a change in aggregate supplySuppose that increased efficiency and productivity together with lowerinput costs (e.g. of essential raw materials) causes the short runaggregate supply curve to shift outwards. (I.e. an increase in supply- assume no shift in aggregate demand).The diagram below shows what is likely to happen. AS shifts outwardsand a new macroeconomic equilibrium will be established. The pricelevel has locomote and real national output (in equilibrium) hasincreased to Y2.Aggregate supply would shift inwards if there is a rise in the unitcosts of production in the economy. For example there migh t be a risein unit wage costs perhaps caused by higher honorarium not compensated forby higher labour productivity.External economic shocksmight also cause the aggregate supply curve toshift inwards. For example a sharp rise in global commodity prices. IfAS shifts to the left, assuming no change in the aggregate demandcurve, we expect to see a higher price level (this is known as

Macroeconomic Equilibrium :: Economics

Macroeconomic EquilibriumIntroductionMacroeconomic equilibrium for an frugality in the slight run isestablished when pile up demand intersects with miserable-run hoard upsupply. At the price train Pe, the aggregate demand for goods and services is fit to the aggregate supply of output. The output and the generalprice direct in the preservation will tend to adjust towards thisequilibrium position.If the price level is overly high, there will be an excess supply ofoutput. If the price level is under equilibrium, there will be excessdemand in the short run. In both situations there should be a processtaking the economy towards the equilibrium level of output.Consider for exemplar a situation where aggregate supply is greaterthan current demand. This will lead to a build up in stocks(inventories) and this sends a signal to producers either to cutprices (to stimulate an accession in demand) or to reduce output so asto reduce the build up of excess stocks. Either way - there is a object for output to move closer to the current level of demand.There may be occasions when in the short run, the economy cannot meetan change magnitude in demand. This is more likely to occur when an economyreaches full-employment of factor resources. In this situation, theaggregate supply curve in the short run becomes increasinglyinelastic.The diagram at a lower place tracks the effect of this. We forecast aggregate demandrising but the economy finds it difficult to raise (expand)production. There is a small increase in concreteistic national output, but themain effect is to put upward pressure on the general price level.Shortages of resources will lead to a general rhytidoplasty in be and prices.Impact of a change in aggregate supplySuppose that increased efficiency and productivity together with lower scuttlebutt cost (e.g. of essential raw materials) causes the short runaggregate supply curve to pouch outwards. (I.e. an increase in supply- assume no solecism in agg regate demand).The diagram below shows what is likely to happen. AS shifts outwardsand a new macroeconomic equilibrium will be established. The pricelevel has fallen and real national output (in equilibrium) hasincreased to Y2.Aggregate supply would shift inwards if there is a mount up in the unitcosts of production in the economy. For mannequin there might be a risein unit wage costs perhaps caused by higher(prenominal)(prenominal) wages not compensated forby higher labour productivity.External economic shocksmight also cause the aggregate supply curve toshift inwards. For example a sharp rise in global commodity prices. IfAS shifts to the left, assuming no change in the aggregate demandcurve, we expect to experience a higher price level (this is known asMacroeconomic Equilibrium EconomicsMacroeconomic EquilibriumIntroductionMacroeconomic equilibrium for an economy in the short run isestablished when aggregate demand intersects with short-run aggregatesupply. At the price lev el Pe, the aggregate demand for goods and services is equate to the aggregate supply of output. The output and the generalprice level in the economy will tend to adjust towards thisequilibrium position.If the price level is overly high, there will be an excess supply ofoutput. If the price level is below equilibrium, there will be excessdemand in the short run. In both situations there should be a processtaking the economy towards the equilibrium level of output.Consider for example a situation where aggregate supply is greaterthan current demand. This will lead to a build up in stocks(inventories) and this sends a signal to producers either to cutprices (to stimulate an increase in demand) or to reduce output so asto reduce the build up of excess stocks. Either way - there is a magnetic dip for output to move closer to the current level of demand.There may be occasions when in the short run, the economy cannot meetan increase in demand. This is more likely to occur when an economy reaches full-employment of factor resources. In this situation, theaggregate supply curve in the short run becomes increasinglyinelastic.The diagram below tracks the effect of this. We see aggregate demandrising but the economy finds it difficult to raise (expand)production. There is a small increase in real national output, but themain effect is to put upward pressure on the general price level.Shortages of resources will lead to a general rise in costs and prices.Impact of a change in aggregate supplySuppose that increased efficiency and productivity together with lower introduce costs (e.g. of essential raw materials) causes the short runaggregate supply curve to shift outwards. (I.e. an increase in supply- assume no shift in aggregate demand).The diagram below shows what is likely to happen. AS shifts outwardsand a new macroeconomic equilibrium will be established. The pricelevel has fallen and real national output (in equilibrium) hasincreased to Y2.Aggregate supply would shift inwards if there is a rise in the unitcosts of production in the economy. For example there might be a risein unit wage costs perhaps caused by higher wages not compensated forby higher labour productivity.External economic shocksmight also cause the aggregate supply curve toshift inwards. For example a sharp rise in global commodity prices. IfAS shifts to the left, assuming no change in the aggregate demandcurve, we expect to see a higher price level (this is known as

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 3

Chapter 3The saint will tell me nonhing of what happened to my friends, of the twelve, of Maggie. All hell declare is that they be wild and that I select to write my throw version of the story. Oh, hell tell me useless ideal stories of how Gabriel disappe ard once for sixty years and they found him on earth hiding in the carcass of a man named Miles Davis, or how Raphael snuck do forth of heaven to visit Satan and re off-key with manything c tot every(prenominal)yed a cell phone. (Evidently everyone has them in hell this instant.) He watches the television and when they show an seism or a tornado hell say, I destroyed a city with one of those once. Mine was better. I am awash in useless angel prattle, all about(predicate) my own time I know zilch but what I saw. And when the television switchs mention of Joshua, calling him by his Greek name, Raziel changes the canalise before I can learn anything.He never sleeps. He skilful watches me, watches the television, an d eats. He never leaves the room.Today, while searching for extra towels, I opened one of the drawers and there, beneath a plastic bag meant for laundry, I found a book Holy Bible, it utter on the cover. Thank the professional I did not take the book from the drawer, but opened it with my bet on to the angel. There are chapters there that were in no Bible I know. I saw the names of Matthew and John, I saw Romans and Galatians this is a book of my time.What are you doing? the angel shooted.I covered the Bible and closed the drawer. Looking for towels. I hire to bathe.You bathed yesterday.Cleanliness is important to my people.I know that. What, you intend I dont know that?Youre not exactly the brightest halo in the bunch. wherefore bathe. And stand a steering from the television.Why dont you go flummox me some towels?Ill call down to the desk.And he did. If I am to get a look at that book, I must get the angel to leave the room.It came to pass that in the village of Japhia, t he sister village of Nazareth, that Esther, the m other of one of the priests of the temple, died of bad air. The Levite priests, or Sadducees, were rich from the tributes we paid to the Temple, and mourners were hired from all the contact villages. The families of Nazareth made the journey to the next hill for the funeral, and for the first time, Joshua and I were able to spend time with Maggie as we walked along the road.So, she said without looking at us, buzz off you two been playing with any snakes lately?Weve been waiting for the lion to lay down with the lamb, Joshua said. Thats the next part of the prophecy.What prophecy?Never mind, I said. Snakes are for sons. We are almost men. We will begin work after the Feast of Tabernacles. In Sepphoris. I was trying to sound worldly. Maggie seemed unimpressed.And you will learn to be a carpenter? she asked Joshua.I will do the work of my father, eventually, yes.And you? she asked me.Im thinking of being a professional mourner. How saturated can it be? Tear at your haircloth, sing a dirge or two, take the rest of the week off.His father is a stonemason, Joshua said. We may both learn that skill. At my urging, my father had offered to take Joshua on as an apprentice if Joseph approved.Or a shepherd, I added quickly. Being a shepherd seems easy. I went with Kaliel last week to tend his flock. The Law says that two must go with the flock to keep an abomination from happening. I can spot an abomination from fifty paces.Maggie smiled. And did you prevent any abominations?Oh yes, I kept all of the abominations at bay while Kaliel played with his favorite sheep behind the bushes.Biff, Joshua said gravely, that was the abomination you were supposed to prevent.It was?Yes.Whoops. Oh well, I think I would make an excellent mourner. Do you know the manner of speaking to any dirges, Maggie? Im release to need to learn some dirges.I think that when I grow up, Maggie announced, I shall go back to Magdala and become a p ekan on the Sea of Galilee.I laughed, Dont be silly, you are a girl. You cant be a fisherman.Yes I can.No, you cant. You afford to marry and make up sons. Are you betrothed, by the mien?Joshua said Come with me, Maggie, and I will make you a fisher of men.What the hell does that mean? Maggie asked.I grabbed Joshua by the back of his robe and began to drag him a mode. Dont support any attention to him. Hes mad. He gets it from his mother. Lovely woman, but a loony. Come now, Josh, permits sing a dirge.I began improvising what I thought was a good funeral song.La-la-la. Oh, we are in truth, really sad that your mom is dead. Too bad youre a Sadducee and dont conceptualize in an afterlife and your mom is just going to be worm food, la-la. Makes you think that you might require to reconsider, huh? Fa-la-la-la-la-la-wacka-wacka. (It sounded great in Aramaic. really.)You two are silly.Gotta go. Mourning to do. See you.A fisher of women? Josh said.Fa-la-la-la, dont feel bad she was old and had no teeth leftfield, la-la-la. Come on, people, you know the wordsLater, I said, Josh, you cant keep saying creepy things kindred that. Fisher of men, you want the Pharisees to stone you? Is that what you want?Im only doing my fathers work. Besides, Maggie is our friend, she wouldnt say anything.Youre going to scare her away.No I wont. Shes going to be with us, Biff.Are you going to marry her?I dont even know if Im allowed to marry at all, Biff. Look.We were top-flight the hill into Japhia, and we could see the crowd of mourners gathering about the village. Joshua was pointing to a red crest that stood out above the crowd the helmet crest of a Roman centurion. The centurion was talk to the Levite priest, who was arrayed in white and gold, his white beard reaching past his belt. As we moved into the village we could see twenty or thirty other soldiers observance the crowd.Why are they here?They dont ilk it when we gather, Joshua said, pausing to study the centurio n commander. They are here to see that we dont revolt.Why is the priest talking to him?The Sadducee wants to assure the Roman of his work on over us. It wouldnt do to have a massacre on the day of his mothers funeral.So hes watching out for us.Hes watching out for himself. Only for himself.You shouldnt say that about a priest of the Temple, Joshua. It was the first time I ever heard Joshua speak against the Sadducees, and it palled me.Today, I think this priest will learn who the Temple belongs to.I hate it when you talk like that, Josh. Maybe we should go home.Do you remember the dead meadowlark we found?I have a really bad feeling about this.Joshua grinned at me. I could see gold flecks shining in his eyes. Sing your dirge, Biff. I think Maggie was impressed by your singing.Really? You think so?Nope.There was a crowd of five hundred outside the tomb. In the front, the men had draped striped shawls over their heads and rocked as they prayed. The women were divide to the back, and except for the wailing of the hired mourners, it was as if they didnt exist. I tried to catch a glimpse of Maggie, but couldnt see her through the crowd. When I dark again, Joshua had wormed his way to the front of the men, where the Sadducee stood beside the corpse of his dead mother, reading from a scroll of the Torah.The women had wrapped the corpse in linen and anointed it with fragrant oils. I could smell sandalwood and jasmine amid the acrid movement of the mourners as I made my way to the front and stood by Joshua. He looked past the priest and was staring at the corpse, his eyes narrowed in concentration. He was trembling as if taken by a chill wind.The priest finished his reading and began to sing, joined by the voices of hired singers who had made the journey all the way from the Temple in Jerusalem.Its good to be rich, huh? I whispered to Joshua, elbowing him in the ribs. He ignored me and balled up his fists at his sides. A venous blood vessel stood out on his forehe ad as he burned his gaze on the corpse.And she moved.Just a twitch at first. The jerk of her hand nether the linen shroud. I think I was the only one who noticed. No, Joshua, dont, I said.I looked for the Romans, who were gathered in sorts of five at different points around the moulding of the crowd looking bored, their hands resting on the hafts of their short swords.The corpse twitched again and raised her arm. There was a gasp in the crowd and a boy screamed. The men started backing away and the women pushed forward to see what was happening. Joshua trim down to his knees and pressed his fists to his temples. The priest sang on.The corpse sat up.The singers stopped and finally the priest turned to look behind him at his dead mother, who had swung her legs off of the slab and looked as if she was trying to stand. The priest stumbled back into the crowd, clawing at the air before his eyes as if it some vapor was causing this horrible vision.Joshua was rocking on his knees, tears streaming down his cheeks. The corpse stood, and still covered by the shroud, turned as if she was looking around. I could see that several of the Romans had drawn their swords. I looked around and found the commanding centurion standing on the back of a wagon, giving signals to his men to stay calm. When I looked back I realized that Joshua and I had been deserted by the mourners and we stood out in the empty space.Stop it, now, Josh, I whispered in his ear, but he continued to rock and concentrate on the corpse, who took her first step.The crowd seemed to be transfixed by the walking corpse, but we were too isolated, too alone now with the dead, and I knew it would only be seconds before they noticed Joshua rocking in the dirt. I threw my arm around his throat and dragged him back away from the corpse and into a group of men who were wailing as they backed away.Is he all right? I heard at my ear, and turned to see Maggie standing beside me.Help me get him away.Maggie took one of Joshuas arms and I took the other as we dragged him away. His body was as stiff as a walking staff, and he kept his gaze handy on the corpse.The dead woman was walking toward her son, the priest, who was backing away, brandishing the scroll like a sword, his eyes as big as saucers.Finally the woman fell in the dirt, twitched, accordingly lay still. Joshua went limp in our arms.Lets get him out of here, I said to Maggie. She nodded and helped me drag him behind the wagon where the centurion was directing his troops.Is he dead? the centurion asked.Joshua was blinking as if hed just been awakened from a deep sleep. Were never sure, sir, I said.The centurion threw his head back and laughed. His scale armor rattled with the tossing of his shoulders. He was senior than the other soldiers, gray-haired, but obviously lean and strong, and totally unconcerned with the histrionics of the crowd. Good answer, boy. What is your name?Biff, sir. Levi bar Alphaeus, who is called Biff, sir. Of Naz areth. comfortably, Biff, I am Gaius Justus Gallicus, under-commander of Sepphoris, and I think that you Jews should make sure your dead are dead before you bury them.Yes sir, I said.You, girl. You are a pretty little thing. What is your name?I could see that Maggie was move by the attention of the Roman. I am Mary of Magdala, sir. She wiped at Joshuas brow with the edge of her shawl as she spoke.You will break someones heart someday, eh, little one?Maggie didnt answer. entirely I must have shown some reaction to the question, because Justus laughed again. Or perhaps she already has, eh, Biff?It is our way, sir. Thats why we Jews bury our women when they are still alive. It cuts down on the heartbreak.The Roman took off his helmet, ran his hand over his short hair, and flung sweat at me. Go on, you two, get your friend into the shade. Its too hot out here for a sick boy. Go on.Maggie and I helped Joshua to his feet and began to lead him away, but when we had asleep(p) only a few steps, Joshua stopped and looked back over his shoulder at the Roman. give you slay my people if we follow our God? he shouted.I cuffed him on the back of the head. Joshua, are you insane?Justus narrowed his gaze at Joshua and the smile went out of his eyes. Whatever they tell you, boy, Rome has only two rules pay your taxes and dont rebel. Follow those and youll stay alive.Maggie yanked Joshua around and smiled back at the Roman. Thank you, sir, well get him out of the sun. Then she turned back to Joshua. Is there something you two would like to tell me?Its not me, I said. Its him.The next day we met the angel for the first time. Mary and Joseph said that Joshua had left the house at dawn and they hadnt seen him since. I wandered around the village most of the morning, looking for Joshua and hoping to run into Maggie. The square was alive with talk of the walking dead woman, but neither of my friends was to be found. At noon my mother recruited me to watch my little brothers while she went to work with the other women in the vineyard. She returned at dusk, smelling of sweat and winsome wine, her feet purple from walking in the winepress. Cut loose, I ran all over the hilltop, checking in our favorite places to play, and finally found Joshua on his knees in an olive grove, rocking back and forth as he prayed. He was soaked in sweat and I was afraid he might have a fever. Strange, I never felt that sort of concern for my own brothers, but from the beginning, Joshua filled me with divinely inspired worry.I watched, and waited, and when he stopped his rocking and sat back to rest, I faked a cough to let him know I was advance.Maybe you should stick with lizards for a while bimestrial.I failed. I have disappointed my father.Did he tell you that, or do you just know it?He thought for a moment, made as if to brush his hair away from his face, then remembered that he no longer wore his hair long and dropped his hands in his lap. I ask for guidance, but I get no a nswer. I can feel that I am supposed to do things, but I dont know what. And I dont know how.I dont know, I think the priest was surprised. I certainly was. Maggie was. People will be talking about it for months.But I wanted the woman to live again. To walk among us. To tell of the miracle.Well, it is written, two out of three aint bad.Where is that written?Dalmatians 97, I think doesnt matter, no one else could have done what you did.Joshua nodded. What are people saying?They think that it was something the women used to prepare the corpse. They are still going through purification for two more days, so no one can ask them.So they dont know that it was me?I hope not. Joshua, dont you understand that you cant do that sort of thing in front of people? They arent ready for it.But most of them want it. They talk about the Messiah coming to deliver us all the time. Dont I have to show them that he has come?What do you say to that? He was right, since I could remember there was always t alk of the coming of the Messiah, of the coming of the kingdom of God, of the liberation of our people from the Romans the hills were full of different factions of Zealots who skirmished with the Romans in hope that they could bring about the change. We were the chosen of God, blessed and punished like no other on earth. When the Jews spoke, God listened, now it was Gods turn to speak. Evidently, my best friend was supposed to be the mouthpiece. But at that moment, I just didnt believe it. in spite of what Id seen, Joshua was my pal, not the Messiah.I said, Im pretty sure the Messiah is supposed to have a beard.So, its not time yet, is that what youre saying?Right, Josh, Im going to know when you dont. God send a messenger to me and he said, By the way, tell Joshua to wait until he can shave before he leads my people out of bondage.It could happen.Dont ask me, ask God.Thats what Ive been doing. Hes not answering.It had been getting darker by the minute in the olive grove, and I co uld barely see the shine in Joshs eyes, but suddenly the area around us was lit up like daylight. We looked up to see the dreaded Raziel descending on us from above the treetops. Of course I didnt know he was the dreaded Raziel at the time, I was just terrified. The angel shone like a star above us, his features so perfect that even my beloved Maggies beauty paled by comparison. Joshua hid his face and huddled against the trunk of an olive tree. I guess he was more easily surprised by the supernatural than I was. I just stood there staring with my mouth open, drooling like the village idiot.Fear not, for behold, I bring you tidings of great joy, which shall be to all men. For on this day, in the city of David, is born a Savior, which is Christ the Lord. Then he hovered for a second, waiting for his message to sink in.Joshua uncovered his face and risked a glance at the angel.Well? the angel said.It took me a second to digest the meaning of the words, and I waited for Joshua to say s omething, but he had turned his face skyward and seemed to be basking in the light, a silly smile locked on his face.Finally I pointed a thumb at Josh and said, He was born in the city of David.Really? said the angel.Yep.His mothers name is Mary?Yep.She a virgin?He has four brothers and sisters now, but at one time, yes.The angel looked around nervously, as if he might stomach a multitude of the heavenly host to show up at some point. How old are you, kid?Joshua just stared, smiling.Hes ten.The angel cleared his throat and fidgeted a bit, dropping a few feet toward the ground as he did so. Im in a lot of trouble. I stopped to chat with Michael on the way here, he had a deck of cards. I knew some time had passed, but To Joshua he said, Kid, were you born in a stable? Wrapped in swaddling cloths and assembly in a manger?Joshua said nothing.Thats the way his mom tells it, I said.Is he retarded?I think youre his first angel. Hes impressed, I think.What about you?Im in trouble because Im going to be an hour late for dinner.I see what you mean. Id better get back and check on this. If you see some shepherds watching over their flocks by night would you tell them uh, tell them that at some point, probably, oh ten years or so ago, that a Savior was born? Could you do that?Sure.Okey-dokey. Glory to God in the highest. Peace on earth, goodwill toward men.Right back at you.Thanks. Bye.And as quickly as he had come, the angel was gone in a shooting star and the olive grove went dark again. I could just make out Joshuas face as he turned to look at me.There you go, I said. Next question?I suppose that every boy wonders what he will be when he grows up. I suppose that many watch their peers accomplish great things and wonder, Could I have done that? For me, to know at ten that my best friend was the Messiah, while I would live and die a stonecutter, seemed too much of a curse for a ten-year-old to bear. The morning after we met the angel, I went to the square and sat w ith Bartholomew the village idiot, hoping that Maggie would come to the well. If I had to be a stonecutter, at least I might have the love of an enchanting woman. In those days, we started training for our lifes work at ten, then received the prayer shawl and phylacteries at thirteen, signifying our entry into manhood. Soon after we were expected to be betrothed, and by fourteen, married and starting a family. So you see, I was not too young to consider Maggie as a wife (and I might always have the fallback position of marrying Joshuas mother when Joseph died).The women would come and go, convey water, washing clothes, and as the sun rose high and the square cleared, Bartholomew sat in the shade of a tattered date palm and picked his nose. Maggie never appeared. humourous how easy heartbreak can come. Ive always had a talent for it.Why you cry? said Bartholomew. He was bigger than any man in the village, his hair and beard were wild and tangled, and the yellow dust that covered hi m from head to toe gave him the appearance of an incredibly stupid lion. His tunic was ragged and he wore no sandals. The only thing he owned was a wooden bowl that he ate from and licked clean. He lived off of the charity of the village, and by gleaning the grain field (there was always some grain left in the fields for the poor it was dictated by the Law). I never knew how old he was. He spend his days in the square, playing with the village dogs, giggling to himself, and scratching his crotch. When the women passed he would stick out his tongue and say, Bleh. My mother said he had the mind of a child. As usual, she was wrong.He put his big paw on my shoulder and rubbed, leaving a dusty circle of affection on my shirt. Why you cry? he asked again.Im just sad. You wouldnt understand.Bartholomew looked around, and when he saw that we were alone in the square except for his dog pals, he said, You think too much. Thinking will bring you nothing but suffering. Be simple.What? It was the most coherent thing Id ever heard him say.Do you ever see me cry? I have nothing, so I am slave to nothing. I have nothing to do, so nothing makes me its slave.What do you know? I snapped. You live in the dirt. You are unclean You do nothing. I have to begin working next week, and work for a lifetime until I die with a broken back. The girl I want is in love with my best friend, and hes the Messiah. Im nothing, and you, you youre an idiot.No, Im not, Im a Greek. A Cynic.I turned and really looked at him. His eyes, normally as dull as mud, shone like color jewels in the dusty desert of his face. Whats a Cynic?A philosopher. I am a student of Diogenes. You know Diogenes?No, but how much could he have taught you? Your only friends are dogs.Diogenes went about Athens with a lamp in broad daylight, holding it in peoples faces, saying he was looking for an honest man.So, he was like the prophet of the idiots?No, no, no. Bart picked up a small terrier and was gesturing with him to ma ke his point. The dog seemed to enjoy it. They were all fooled by their culture. Diogenes taught that all affectations of modern life were false, that a man must live simply, outdoors, carry nothing, make no art, no poetry, no religionLike a dog, I said.Yes Bart described a flourish in the air with the rat dog. Exactly The little dog made as if to upchuck from the motion. Bart put him down and he wobbled away.A life without worry right then it sounded wonderful. I mean, I didnt want to live in the dirt and have other people think me mad, like Bartholomew, but a dogs life really didnt sound bad. The idiot had been hiding a deep wisdom all these years.Im trying to learn to lick my own balls, Bart said.Maybe not. I have to go find Joshua.You know he is the Messiah, dont you?Wait a minute, youre not a Jew I thought you didnt believe in any religion.The dogs told me he was the Messiah. I believe them. Tell Joshua I believe them.The dogs told you?Theyre Jewish dogs.Right, let me know how the ball licking works out.Shalom.Who would have thought that Joshua would find his first apostle among the dirt and dogs of Nazareth. Bleh.I found Joshua at the synagogue, listening to the Pharisees lecture on the Law. I stepped through the group of boys sitting on the floor and whispered to him.Bartholomew says that he knows you are the Messiah.The idiot? Did you ask him how long hes known?He says the village dogs told him.I never thought to ask the dogs.He says that we should live simply, like dogs, carry nothing, no affectations whatever that means.Bartholomew said that? Sounds like an Essene. Hes much smarter than he looks.Hes trying to learn to lick his own balls.Im sure theres something in the Law that forbids that. Ill ask the rabbi.Im not sure you want to bring that up to the Pharisee.Did you tell your father about the angel?No.Good. Ive spoken to Joseph, hes going to let me learn to be a stonecutter with you. I dont want your father to change his mind about teaching me. I think the angel would frighten him. Joshua looked at me for the first time, turning from the Pharisee, who droned on in Hebrew. Have you been crying?Me? No, Barts stench made my eyes water.Joshua put his hand on my forehead and all the sadness and trepidation seemed to drain out of me in an instant. He smiled. Better?Im jealous of you and Maggie.That cant be good for your neck.What?Trying to lick your own balls. Its got to be hard on your neck.Did you hear me? Im jealous of you and Maggie.Im still learning, Biff. There are things I dont understand yet. The Lord said, I am a jealous God. So green-eyed monster should be a good thing.But it makes me feel so bad.You see the puzzle, then? Jealousy makes you feel bad, but God is jealous, so it must be good, yet when a dog licks its balls it seems to enjoy it, but it must be bad under the Law.Suddenly Joshua was yanked to his feet by the ear. The Pharisee glared at him. Is the Law of Moses too slow for you, Joshua bar Joseph?I have a q uestion, Rabbi, Joshua said.Oh, jeez. I hid my head in my arms.

Gregory Crewdson

Crescendos photographs draw on Gothic Romantic and he as an artists focuses on dramatic surrealists. Known for overtly cinematic photographs that use tricks of light to convey their mystery. Photographs often of suburban scenes that exude the kind of eerie terror of Hitchcock films. His picture taking advocates unanswered questions that the viewer can than answer them Correspond tryst to create transp arency, a perfect representation and a perfect world. (he does not want grain, pixels, His photos raise up focus in the series of away from the strangeness of ordinary life Into the heightened surrealists of dream and fantasy Example o Figurative interior o subject area matter A figure sitting on the bed, surrounded by roses and twigs, there is a further trail of twigs scattered on the ground stellar(a) from the living room to the omens bed, there are two doorways, one gives you a glimpse of the bathroom, the other leads too living room. Large depth of feel because we are able to se e into the background Socrates atmosphere using all this light o The color pallet Is balanced by the lighting (subdued warm brown)o (contrast in the midst of Interior, night and roses, making the figure stand out) o Taken at levelly and It Is wide angled. O Domestic in time voyeur looking from right(prenominal) in o Draws on fears and anxieties. O Ugliness has been made beautiful

The Effects of Using Smart Phones on Teenagers and Adults Lifestyle Essay

1. Smart Phones is a device that lets you make tele headphone calls, but also adds in features that, in the past, you would agree found only on a personal digital assistant or a computersuch as the ability to send and nonplus e-mail and edit Office documents, for example.2. Information Technology the use of computers and electronic systems for storing and using information.3. Smartphone Addiction abusive or overuse of smartphone an addiction that can be destructive to social lives outside of mobile devices, including smartphones.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM1. How does using a smart phone affect teenagers and adults socialization?2. How do smartphones affect dialogue in the work place?3. How do smartphones affect students education?4. What are the harmful effects of using a smart phone?INTRODUCTIONOne of the blooming fields that are sweeping our nation by storm is information engine room. Every day we face new types of technology that help us communicate and interact. One of the gr eat contributions, in information technology, was the very development computer along with the internet. These developments shaped the society, as we know it forthwith and further contributed how we send and receive information. In our society today, everything ismoving fast and we want everything to have access to the advanced services and technology indoors and out of doors in the simplest ways. From these two things, it also influenced something as complex yet simple as a smartphone. A smartphone is a clever device with high-quality services that is portable, user-friendly, synergistic and most importantly beneficial. (Rysavy 2010) Smartphones have made it possible to make simple task easy but despite of the convenience it brings, it might affect our cursory lives in a negative sense.Referencehttp//cellphones.about.com/od/smartphonebasics/a/what_is_smart.htmhttp//www.rysavy.com/Articles/2011_01_Smartphone_Efficiencyhttp//www.bostonmagazine.com/health/blog/2013/12/19/smartphon es-bad-for-eyes/

Impact of World War II on Minority Groups within the United States Essay

legion(predicate) minority groups of the United States participated in the World fight II from the side of the armed forces of the United States. World War II affected the life of the every person of the United States, but the impact of World War II on minorities groups such as African-Americans, Native Americans (Indians), Mexican Americans, and women was far greater than the others. Lots of men and women of minority groups starting signal time got the job in the in the armed forces during the war. Minority groups got the opportunity to work with majority group (white men). Black men donated blood during the war.Not only black men, but many black women also actively took part in the war. A lot of mens works were done by the women during the world war second. therefrom the world war second offered many new opening for the minority groups. This war terminated many old outlines. Several Indians and American Africans permanently odd their traditional lives and they settled into the cities. The world war second was a turning point for minority groups. This war created a great and different impact on the minority groups. Integration of minority groups in the main stream American society was a consequence of World War second.A number of Indians first time came into the non-Indian society. After coming into this society they obtained the advantage of good education for their children, higher living standard, many job opportunities and better heath care system. Many acts such as Snyder Act, Selective Service Act, and Nationalities Act are passed during the world war second to take the minority groups equal to the whites. Thus it can be said that world war second started a Double V campaign in the United States. The meaning of the Double V campaign is- triumph over Nazism abroad and victory over racism and inequality at home.

Investigate their human resources, administration, finance and sales Essay

mark and Spencers have many different store surgical incisions but also have many different departments of their stock, its operable atomic number 18as. I am going to look at and investigate their human resources, administration, finance and sales and marketing departments to then see how each contributes to the running of Marks and Spencers. humankind ResourcesThe human resources department aims to mob out 5 major things, these existence1. Recruiting, keeping and dismissing employees. This is a major task for M&S as they need the right type of employees for the business to operate its best, also the employees shall decide the businesses success present and future.Recruiting untried employees could be hiring new people from alfresco the business or promoting workers already working in the business. Many businesses such as M&S like recruiting from outside the business to bring new ideas and enthusiasm.M&S would hope to keep all their existing employees as they would risk losi ng experienced and trained ply, plus recruiting new workers and training them can stress to be expensive.Sometimes M&S would have to dismiss or sack employees, this may be due if an employee cannot carry out their work efficiently or effectively. overly many employees are dismissed or made redundant, as their jobs no longer exist, say the fall in a special product could lead to the dismissal of many staff.Read moreHuman Resource Management Essay2. Monitoring and providing good working conditions. Working conditions includes the cleanliness of a place, the provision of rest areas, hours of work and holidays. Working conditions have a great impact on how well a business operates and how well employees can carry out their work. They are normally a subject for negotiation between trade unions and human resources. M&S have an area for staff to abate and spend their breaks in. The all in all store would be regularly cleaned every day for both the workers and customers.3. Training , developing and promoting employees. Human resources need their staff to be able to take in that employees are able to do their jobs, they may give training at M&S or through and through and through course at local colleges, preparation jobs so that employees enjoy new experiences and develop new skills also promoting employees to more elderly positions to give the business the skills and experience it needs.4. Negotiating with trade unions. The human resources department of M&S would have to discuss and agree pay and working conditions with trade unions or other representatives of the workforce. This process is called collective bargaining.5. Health and safety is an important obligation for human resources, as it requires M&S to provide all employees with a secure risk free working environment.That is what the human resources function of M&S had to ensure is carried out. Here are some typical job titles within an organisation such as M&S. hypothecate titleDescriptionHuman resou rces directorDeciding the boilersuit staffing policies of Boots. Also he/she advise senior management. Setting the human resources budget. In charge of all human resource functions in Boots.Human resources managerHe/she manages the human resources department and staff involved with industrial relations and trade union negotiations, also ensuring his/he staff is adjacent the policies of Boots.Recruitment ships officerResponsible for the taking on of staff and section of staff, depending on their standard of work they offer to Boots and the customers of Boots.Training/staff development officerHe/she are responsible for(p) for training and developing of their staff to bring or take them to a higher level.Personnel/staffing officerKeeping staff records, monitoring staff welfare.Health and safety officerHe/she makes sure all aspects of health and safety are in order for staff matters. Also they monitor accident and prevention.Security officerGeneral credentials, responsible for all s ecurity staff.Human resources administrative assistantsAdministrative work relating to the human resource function.financeNow I am going to look at the finance function of M&S. The finance department of a business manages the money for the business. The department controls the financial transactions of a business and help managers to plan for the future. The various activities of the finance department are1. Recording all the financial matters of M&S as they are constantly spending money or receiving it from sales. It is vital that they keep all records of all the activities in order to, calculate whether the business is being profitable, asses how much tax the business will have to pay and to help managers to make the right decisions.2. All businesses have to prepare their accounts in order to resume their financial affairs during a year, plcs are require to publish their results legally as they are a public company such as M&S. They have to do the following the balance sheet whi ch states both what a businesses aims and its debts, profit and loss account- which records the profit or loss made during a lengthy period of time usually a year, the inland revenue have to confirm that M&S has paid the correct essence of tax, suppliers are able to see whether business can pay its debts and finally shareholders can decide whether its worth investing in the business or not.3. M&S have to pay the take of all their employees and it involves the finance department in a number of ways. The business has to deduct income tax and guinea pig insurance from each employees pay, it may be required to operate a pension scheme for its more elderly employees and to make sure the correct amount of wages or salaries has been given out to employees.4. All businesses need some resources and capital to trade successfully. To purchase these resources businesses may need to raise large sums of money, know as capital, but not M&S as they are already fully developed and expanding acros s the globe. But nevertheless a business has 2 main sources of capital a loan raised by borrowing money from a bank or another business and maintained profits, if M&S has been very profitable they may be able to invest in the business and obtain resources they may need.Some typical job roles in the finance function in M&S would includeJobDescriptionFinancial directorGiving advice to senior managers on the overall financial policy of M&S. Overseeing the budget of M&S. In charge of all finance function in M&S.Financial ManagerManaging the finance function and staff. He/she also advises other members of staff with any financial queries.Chief AccountantHe/She ensures that final preparation of accounts M&S are in good and correct order.Management accountantHe/She produces continuous financial information to M&S.Credit ControllerAdvising on credit policies. devising sure money owing to M&S kept in confidence.Credit control clerksHelps check accounts of new and existing customers account s. He/She works down the stairs the Credit Controller but assist the credit controller. They also remind customers of overdue paymentsChief CashierHe/She is responsible for the receipt, safe keeping account statement and banking all money received from boots.Payroll AdministratorHe/She is in control of ensuring that all of M&S employees payroll and salary/wages section. honorarium ClerksHe/She helps and assists the payroll executive, in the production of wages ands salary details.AdministrationThe administration department provides important support services to other departments in the business. not all admin departments in all businesses are the same. In small businesses the admin department may take responsibility for human resources or finance, but in a large organisation such as M&S it is usually most likely to be specialised. The admin department makes considerable phthisis of computers and IT as it is required for a lot of their jobs.There are as always many activities for the administration department they can be broken down into 5 groups1. clerical services are the main role of every admin department. The department may provide clerical services to all other departments within the business. These maybe word-processing, devising telephone calls, booking accommodation for staff, sorting and delivering incoming mail and posting outgoing mail, organising advertings and keeping records of what takes place at these meetings, talking responsibly on behalf of the whole company and creating and keeping records of the company.2. All businesses require regular cleaning M&S is no exception as it is especially true as M&S have cafes, which require thorough cleanliness. Admin also organises the maintenance of the building, they may decorate the inside and outside of the building if they wish.3. Health and safety is a tolerant issue with all businesses. It includes providing safety clothing, warnings for workers, ensuring that there are no dangers around the wo rkplace and providing regular medical checks for those working in risky environments.4. Security is an more and more important issue for all businesses, security duties would include signing visitors in and out of premises, ensuring that unauthorised people are kept out by use of patrols or even guard dogs, protecting computer systems from hackers, patrolling to prevent shoplifting by employing guards in uniform.5. Information technology is being more widely use by the minute, nearly all businesses use some form of IT nowadays. The admin department may use IT to make spreadsheet for financial data, a database of customers and employees, payroll systems to calculate employees wages and salaries, e mail for communicating internal and external, web based systems, web sites for selling goods etc.Typical job roles of the administration function would beJobDescriptionAdministration managerManaging the administration operations of M&S.Administration assistantAssists with administrative ta sks in particular areas.Secretary of BootsA senior decision maker responsible for all the legal affairs of M&S.It managerManaging all IT requirements of M&S, including equipment maintenance and advising on future needs.Office manager/senior administratorResponsible for ensuring the administrating operations in particular office or department.Chief security officerHe/she is responsible for the security staff and advising on security requirements.SecurityResponsible for maintaining and monitoring security to the required standard.Reprographics supervisor (photo coping and printing)Ensuring all reprographics are done and to a high standard, as it reflects on Boots temper from the quality of leaflets and formal letters etc.Pa / Secretarial staffThese staff are mainly there to providing secretarial and administrative support to senior members of staff andWord processing operator/Data input clerk (worker)He/she type out letters and any other documents and also input data into a compute r system.Maintenance of rungHe/she is responsible for routine maintenance work, which may include painting or decorating.Cleaning StaffCleaning of general office areas, facilities and equipment marketing and SalesMarketing and sales involve businesses in many ways. Marketing is the process that helps all businesses to discover and meet the needs of customers. Doing market research, carrying it out in the local and wider community enables the business to discover1 Customer reactions to existing products2 What new goods and services customers want3 Whether or not new products will prove to be popular4 The prices customers are prepared to pay for goods5 How satisfied customers already are with the serviceMarks and Spencers therefore do the following discover customer needs through market research, advise customers of products through forward motion then achieve their sales. There are 2 types of research that can be carried out, Primary- gathering data for the 1st time by asking for v iews and opinions through questionnaires, interviews, surveys etc and Secondary research which is research that has already been done by someone else such as newspapers web site etc.The best-known marketing activity is promotion.1 advertise on TV, radio, internet, billboards, newspapers etc2 Sales promotions, giving free samples like buy 1 get 1 free etc3 human beings relations, attempting to influence the publics opinions of the business and its products through sponsorship, trade fairs the press and mediaBusinesses try to achieve their sales through a number of ways1 Selling products through shops2 Personal selling such as when sales reps encourage customers to buy their products3 Internet selling is an increasingly important sales system as it is spreading and growing biggerThe typical job roles you can expect areTypical job TitleJob RoleMarketing DirectorResponsible for over all marketing function and its aims and objectives.Sales DirectorHe/She is responsible for the sales function.Sales ManagerHe/she is responsible for M&S entire sales staff and achievement of sales targets usually within the UK.Export ManagerThis individual is responsible for agents and sales overseas.Advertising ManagerIn charge of advertising and publishing successful advertising campaigns.Sales CoordinatorThis person is responsible for giving urgent information required by sales staffs that are travelling.Sales RepresentativesM&S sales staff who visit customers in UK and abroad.Market ResearchersThis team is relied upon to find out what customers want and whether or not there is a need for this new product.Order ClerksThis staffs are responsible to accept and process sales orders.Telephone Sales staff contract and process telephone orders.

Effects that single-parenting has one children Essay

Family defined by Sara McLanahan (1994) is the basic genial group united through bonds of kinship or marri come on, present in all society. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The organise of the family and the ingest that the family fulfills vary from society to society.Historical studies have sh avouch that family grammatical construction has been less changed by urbanization and industrialization than was once supposed. McLamaham (1994) mentioned in a seminar at urban Institution Press. The nuclear family was the most prevalent preindustrial unit in the West and is still the basic unit of social organization. The modern family differs from earlier traditional forms, however, in its functions, composition, and lifecycle and in the roles of husbands and wives.The changes in family structure that small fryren experience during their anticipates ar not with proscribed consequences. horse opera societies have ready that children from mother or father-absent homes manifest a number of cozy and external effect including sadness and depression, delinquency, aggression, sex role difficulties, early spring of sexual activity and teen pregnancy, as well as poor social and adaptive functioning and low self gaze as reported by Princeton sociologist Sarah McLanaham (1994).Additionally children who frequently move from one residence to another, in the put to work of child shifting, in like manner exhibit problem behavior. Child-shifting, a common sequel to enatic absence seizure in Jamaica, require children to adjust physically to their new surroundings but also, and of greater consequence, to adjust emotionally. The children of incarcerated woman, though relatively few in number, require special consideration because of the effects of this more unique type of resurrectal separation. A recent report by sociologist Dr. Aldrie Henry-Lee found that women worried about their childrens well-be ing but thought their relationships with thechildren were not affected. (2009)Psychologist Marinna Ramkissoon, in her look on the interaction between Jamai drive out fathers and their children, investigated two aspects of the father-child relationship physical absence and psychological absence. mental absence refers to the fathers absence in the minds of their children establish on emotional inaccessibility, lack of responsibility and indifference to the welfargon of their children. Physical presence inescapably promotes psychological presence, but physical presence and psychological absence groundwork lead to expressive rejection and greater psychological damage.As shown in Ramkissoons research and that of others, while the composition of the family is valuable to children, how the family functions to support children is more important to childrens development. Family supporting childrens development is commonly called p benting. In western society, this is bounteously the ro le of biological pargonnts. However, in the varying family structures presented in Jamaica, and indeed in the Caribbean, the call family and p arnting have much broader contexts.In fact, Cherlin and Fursterberg (1994) state that the wiz-parent family is the fastest growing family structure in America. This statistic is no different from the situation in Jamaica. STATIN indicates that thither is an almost 12% disunite rate in Jamaica as of 2012. This separation of unions must result in children animated with only one biological parent or none at all. Furthermore, the statistics indicate that the total number of births between 2001and 2012 is525, 578 while the total number of marriages for the same period is only 264,506. This is a wispy representation of the number of children born extraneous of marriages and possible unions.Family structure is hypothesized to directly influence childrens psychological well-being by affecting family processes, such as parent-child relationships and parental conflict, background variables, such as income, and individual characteristics, such as mothers psychological well-being. Thus, family processes and other variables are predicted to mediate the effect of family structure on childrens psychological well-being.Furthermore family processes are predicated to have the largest impact on childrens psychological well-being (Acock and Demo, 1994). With knowledge of the importance of family forms on children, this research has to be conducted to regularize specific impacts.In conclusion, the family is the main unit in society. As you can see my sources has a different point on this topic. Sarah McLanaham found out that modern family differs from earlier traditional form, which she highlighted by indicating the change in its functions, composition and lifecycle and in the role of husband and wives. There are nigh effects that children from a mother or father- absence homes such as depression, delinquent, teen pregnancy etc. on the other hand Marinna Ramkisson in her research remember that there are two aspects of the father-child relationship which are physical absence and psychological absence.Aims and ObjectivesThe aims of the theatre of operations are toDevelop knowledge regarding the concept of family, its roles and functions. Find out the factors that affect the development of children who live without one or both biological parents. Find out if children who grow up in a two-parent family with both biological parents present do better on a wide range of outcomes than children who grow up in a single-parent family. Provide evidence for the creation of efficient family structures for children and families.The objectives are toEstablish the effects of single parenting on children.Determine if there is a difference between children living with one biological parent and those living with none.IntroductionThe family is often been regarded as the cornerstone of society. In premodern and modern societies alike it has been seen as the most basic unit of social organization and one which carries out vital tasks, such as socializing children. Most sociologists assumed that family life was evolving as modernity progressed, and the changes involved made the family better suitedto meeting the needs of society and of family members. The structure of families traditionally hinges on relations between parents and children, between spouses, or both. Consequently, there is substantial variation in family forms around the world, varying from close to culture. The most common form of family structure in the Western World is monogamy, which is the practice of having only one spouse at a time. A mixture of other family structures exist. According to Wright and Wright (1994) the family is the foundation of human society. Families are one of the strongest socializing forces in life. They apprize children to control unacceptable behavior, to delay gratification, and to respect the rights of others . Conversely, families can teach children aggressive, antisocial and violent behavior. The primary function of the family is to reproduce society, both biologically, through procreation, and socially, through socialization. In the following decades, social changes seemed to be undermining traditional families. Rising divorce rates, cohabitation before marriage , increasing numbers of single parent families and single-person household, and other trends have all suggested that individuals may be basing their lives less and less around stodgy families. But the question still remains What are the effects that Single-parenting has on Children?Problem StatementSingle-parent families can no longer be viewed as non-traditional families. These families are all around us today. Children in Jamaica grow up in a variety of family structures. Single parent and two-parent families are created and recreated through marriage, divorce, remarriage, cohabitation, and birth outside marriage. Single- p arent families are the fastest growing family structure in Jamaica. The effects of a single-parent home on a childs behavior can be far-reaching and impact several areas of life, including academic achievement and social behaviors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the question the effect that single-parenting has on children.The Research DesignThe study give be about seeking the effects that contribute to childrenliving in a single family in wild take a crap community. Social flock will be used as the research method. Social Surveys are usually large-scale research projects that collect standardized data from a large cross-section of the population.The methodology used is Quantitative Research. Quantitative Research generates numerical data or data that can be converted into numbers. In terms of sampling method, Probability Sampling, to be more specific, Simple Random Sampling will be used to carry out the research. Questionnaires will be presented to collect data that is needed for the research. A Questionnaire is a number of pre-set questions that can contain open-ended, fixed choice or a combination of both types of questions. These are what will be done to find an answer or answers relating to the topic. After a careful analysis, the data will be presented in the form of graphs.Sample plectrumThe population of the Red Shop entails both manfuls and fe manfuls, young and old. Simple Random Sampling will be used to carry out the research. This will be the most basic way of selecting a taste. This is a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen. The research worker will be choosing the sample from the population using no particular order or method. A sample is a subset of a population. There are ten persons in the sample. This comprises of both males and females between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five years that are single parents. .Data Collection InstrumentFor th is study, a questionnaire will be used. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis of the responses, this is not always the case. The questionnaire was chosen over the other types of surveys in that it is cheap, does not require as much effort from the questioner asverbal or telephone surveys, and often has standardized answers that make it simple to compile data.Dear Sir/Madam,This is a survey carried out in the Red Shop community to determine the effect that single-parenting has on children. The information collected will play a vital role in the completion of my Internal Assessment.Of importance is that this questionnaire requires your honesty. This is not a test and there are no wrong or right answers. Furthermore, total anonymity is ensured as you are not required to give your yell or address. Your responses in this survey will be confidential. Most of the questions can be answered by a tick in the box, specify instructions are given where necessary. Thank you for your time and cooperation.QuestionnaireYou are kindly asked to provide truthful answers to the questions below. All the information will be kept strictly confidential as such you are not required to insert your name as a mean of protecting your identity.1. What gender are you?MaleFemale2. What age group do you belong?19-2122-253. What ethnic group do you belong?ChineseMixedAfricanWest Indies4. What is your work status?Employed articulation time WorkerUnemployed5. What causes you to be a single parent?DivorceSeparationPartner is deadPrefer to live on my own6. What are the consequences you face as a single parent?Financial problemEmotional problemEconomic challengesSocial challenges7. How do you depend your child/children feels when one parent is absent from their lives? SadDepressUnloved8. What are the consequences your child/ch ildren face?DepressionTeen pregnancyLow self esteemEarly initiation of sexual activity9. How often does your child see the other parent?Once a week all(prenominal) 2 weeksEvery dayNever10. Is the other parent of your child/children involved in their lives? YesNoPresentation of DataThe questionnaires were issued to ten persons who live in the Red Shop community. These ten persons comprises of five males and five females. When asked for their age 60% were in the age of 22-25 years and 40% of the sample was below that age group. On the questionnaires, the following questions were asked.When ask what gender are you, twenty percent said male and eighty percent said female.When asked what some consequences your children faces are, thirty percent said sexual activity, twoscore percent said low esteem and fifteen percent said teenage pregnancy and depression.When asked what are some consequences they face as a single parent, majority said financial problem which is indicated by fifty perce nt and minor said economic problem which is ten percent.When asked what are the causes of single parents in the community eighty percent said separation and ten percent said divorce and five per cent of the sample said they prefer to live on their own or partner is dead.Analysis of DataThe questionnaires were issued to ten persons who live in Red Shop These ten persons comprise of five male and five females. When asked for their age 60% of the sample was between the ages of 22-25 years. 40% of the sample was below that age group.In Figure 1, 80% of the respondents were female and 40% of these respondents commit their children have a low esteem because of the absence of one parent, (Figure 2). This could be that they see the absence of one parent as a stress in their life, also impact on their live in a negative way. Also, they see more females in the household than males. This could bethat males find the role of a father is not important in a childs life and can not find time to ex press themselves the way they regard to or that they find themselves to be unimportant because not many mothers in the family household need the presence of the father or the mothers may be in a visiting relationship with someone else and dont want to invite the males.Therefore it would not be a problem for men to be in the child/children life because in most societies, it is usually the men who would provide for the family. On the other hand, there are those who do not think there is a problem with a family without one parent absent. This could be that the parent that is present can provide both economically and financially. Also, persons would find it a problem for more women being present in the family homes than men.Apart from that, 50% of the sample says that with a parent absent they are facing financial problems. From the sample it is seen that its the females who are going through this challenge, (Figure 2). This could be that men are less promising to work and finance the ir child/children than how women would. Most of these women are unemployed people so they can not provide for their child/children. Therefore, most of these respondents from the sample become single mom/dad because of separation. The respondents seem to be in a visiting relationship than in a common law marriage or the child/children born wasnt intended.Findings, Discussion of Findings and ConclusionIt was found that the Red Shop Community needs to implement a program to highlight the presence of both parents in a childs life. Sessions among males, reasoning sessions among the males and females and some fun activities that would encourage them to come to the program that will be held. Also the community needs to be more cooperative and help these people who can not afford to provide for their child/children. This allows the males in the community to feel more comfortable of expressing themselves the way they want to and not having the feeling as if they are going to be run away fro m the other parent.Nevertheless, it was agreeable to what Psychologist Marinna Ramkissoon, 2009 had said, there are two aspect of father-child relationship. These are physical absence and psychological absence. Psychological absence refers to the fathers absence in the minds of their children based on emotional inaccessibility, lack of responsibility and indifference to the welfare of their children. Physical presence necessarily promotes psychological presence, but physical presence and psychological absence can lead to expressive rejection and greater psychological damage.Additionally, the child/children that are living in a single parent home in the Red Shop community are likely to be face by many consequences. They also need guidance and love from both parents it is not being provided by both parents to them. According to Sarah McLanaham (1994), the changes in family structure that children experience during their lives are not without consequences. Western societies have found that children from mother or father-absent homes manifest a number of internal and external effects including sadness and depression, delinquency, aggression, sex role difficulties, early initiation of sexual activity and teen pregnancy, as well as poor social and adaptive functioning and low self esteem. In conclusion, it all seems that women are more likely to be worried about their childs well being more while the men are most likely to be rational. Women can be rational too, but they tend to overlook the logic when given a choice between the two. For some of the females, they would at to the lowest degree consider their childs life important than theirs but for some males, they would not consider that because they are too busy trying to be tough. Also, it is the male that always have the money to provide for their child/children financially.BibliographyMcLanahan, Sara. (1994). Growing Diversity and Inequality in the American Family. In R. Farley (Ed). State of the Union America n in the 1990s. New York Russell Sage FoundationCherlin, Andrew. (1992). Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.Haralambos, M., & Holborn, M., (Eds). (2004). Sociology Themes and Perspectives. London Harper Collins Publishers Ltd.

Ib History Mao’s Cultural Revolution Notes

The great Proletarian heathenish rotation * All over China was the campaign to destroy the obsolete and grade the new * Abolishing the four olds * The people crowding Beijing in 1966 carried the little red book and the Mao badge * forcefully taken away anything old or has traditional values. * The children were taken into actions as well * Giving social advantages to the Red guards, thousand took advantage * The youth were educated of the revolutionary stories * Women had equal stance in the revolution as men did Political figures such as Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei were persecuted and eventually dead * 1968 the red guards started to fight each other, the PLA joined different groups do increase in violence * Same year Sino-Soviet battle in XinJiang threatening Chinas national security, Mao ordered to terminate the revolution in the XinJiang Province * Later on that year he decided that the revolution has reached its primary goals, therefore declared the success of the revolutio n * Students were sent home, plainly when some university students continued to fight, PLA was sent in * Mao restructured the government by forming the Revolutionary Committee which runs the country. Power struggle pursued * 1966-1969 the dark sentence of the cultural revolution, half a million people died from torture * Youths were raised without supervision caused social instability * A whole generation, the realization that their loyalties earned them only manual labor jobs in rural China and that their supposed counter revolutionary targets were exonerated contributed to changing attitudes towards the Party and its ageing leadership. Economy fell as most(prenominal) of the urban workers were afflicted in politics, as did agriculture and production * 1971, Lin Biao tried to assassinate Mao, the 571 incident. After failure he tried to escape on a plane which was shot down * 1972, Nixon came to China due to international pressure in the UN as well as US political needs * resou nd tension with USSR, India, DPRK, North Vietnam, therefore needed the improved relations with US * Jan 1976, Zhou Enlai died Later on that year Zhu De died. September 9th, Mao died * Maos widow Jiang Qing with three other men were arrested for crime against state, and Hua Guofeng would succeed Mao. Maos Impact Though his failure in the great alternate forward and the cultural revolution, he remained an icon in China, but was portrayed as a tyrant in overseas. * Heightened sense of nationalism was when the CCP defeated the Japanese, which put foundation for the overall success in 1949 * He made China to stand up, which is why he remained an icon for most Chinese people * Economically, in spite of the setbacks from the great leap forward and the cultural revolution, China did develop hugely in economic sector during his rule. * Life expectancy reached 65 by the time of Maos death. * Women gained the same social status as men did * Literacy rate increased

Electronic Music

electronic unison may include tape recording melody (existing only on tape, and played through loudspeakers), live electronic euphony (created on synthesizers or other electronic equipment in actual clock time), musique concrte (created from recorded and subsequently modified sounds), or medicinal drug which combines live performers and taped electronic sound. Although these types of melody refer primarily to the nature of the technology and techniques involved, divisions are progressively blurred. Other terminology, such as computer medicament, electro-acoustic music, acousmatic music, and radiophonic music, has also come into use, more often to maneuver aesthetic rather than technological preferences.In the early 1900s the Italian Futurists, led by composer Luigi Russolo, envisaged a music created with noise and electronic music boxes, and the freshman commercially available electronic music instruments appeared at this time. However, although prophesier composers lik e Scriabin and Henry Cowell had dreamt of music created by purely electronic means, electronic music first became realistically possible when recording technology developed during World War II.Several studios came into being in the mid-forties and 1950s, and were associated with key figures and specific artistic aims. In France, sound engineer and composer Pierre Schaeffer formed the French tuner studio (RTF) in Paris, built around several tape recorders, microphones, and tape editing equipment. The principal techniques for creating music were the cutting, splicing, looping, or reversal of lengths of recorded tape. These tape role techniques resulted in a kind of sound montage, fastidiously created from recordings of sounds from the real world.Schaeffer referred to the results as musique concrte, a term still in wide use today, oddly in France. His first experiment in this new genre used recordings of the sounds of trains, and all his works of this time were brief sound studies with evocative titles, such as Symphonie pour un homme seul, composed in collaboration with his younger colleague, Pierre Henry. Schaeffers practical experiments in electronic music composition were supported by his influential metaphysical writings on the subject, and the studio of Henry and Schaeffer attracted several emerging composers, among them the composer Pierre Boulez.In the late mid-forties in Germany, Werner Meyer-Eppler, a physicist and Director of the Institute of Phonetics at Bonn University, first demonstrated a Vocoder, an analytical doodad which included a synthetic human voice. His theoretical work influenced the composers associated with the West German Radio studio in Cologne (founded 1953), who were concerned with the electronic synthesis of sounds, through the use of tone generators and other sound-modifying devices. The first director of the Cologne Studio, Herbert Eimert, was highly influential in his method of using total serialism as a basis of construc ting electronic works. In this method all aspects of music, including pitch, rhythm, and relative volume were controlled by numerically defined principles. Electronic sounds and devices provided a suitable precision and control for the realization of this concept. By a address known as additive synthesis (see section on sound synthesis, below) composers such as Maderna and Stockhausen laboriously constructed short electronic pieces, derived entirely from electronic sounds.In the later 1950s many electronic music studios were established in Europe, the most evidentiary being the RAI studio in Milan, founded by Berio and Maderna, the Institute of Sonology in Utrecht, and the EMS studio in Stockholm. The division between musique concrte and pure electronic music was a mostly European phenomenon. Although various studios arose at the same time in the United States, aesthetic distinctions were less important. In the 1950s in New York, composers Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky pr oduced tape music from very basic studio equipment.Their music transform the recorded sounds of instruments and voices through tape manipulation techniques and simple reverberation units. In the late 1950s they became associated with the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, at which composer Milton Babbitt used a huge RCA computer, filling an entire room, to create music composed on similar serial principles to Eimert and Stockhausen in Cologne. His work Philomel (1964) was one of the first to be compose for live performer and tape. The development of computing technology in the 1950s and 1960s led to the foundation of a number of studios specifically concerned with computer music at Ameri ignore universities and, to a lesser extent, in Europe.During the 1960s and 1970s the Americans Paul Lansky and Barry Vercoe, among others, developed music software packages (computer programs specifically designed for the manipulation and creation of sound) which were freely available to interested composers. This tradition of software development at American universities has through with(p) much to aid the growth of computer music worldwide. The Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University, in California, and the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) in Paris, founded by Pierre Boulez in 1977, both made significant use of computers and remain influential centres of electronic music composition today.The rapid development of computing technology, in the last 15 years or so, has brought about a revolution in computer music and electronic music in general. Computers are now more affordable, and computer programs which originally took hours to run can now be completed in a matter of seconds, or even in real time. Today, many universities have a computer music studio and several countries have national studios, apply to the composition of electronic music. In addition, composers are increasingly work ing independently, in personal studios.

Jane Austen – Sense and Sensibility

Class, society, and politics in the dental plate, on an interpersonal level among the characters, are themes of outer(prenominal) importance in the novel Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen.In this short essay, we sh totally discuss these themes in relation to the characters, as presented in the novel. Austen presents these companionable conditions by dint ofout the story, as they were dominant in the society of her time.Laws adjoin inheritance, and property, social etiquette, and money matters in a time were gender limitations were very apparent, signified a persons couch in the social scale.The Dashwood women, as they appear in Sense and sensibility, suddenly find themselves in a humiliating situation, when the mother, Mrs. Dashwood, becomes a widow. They were adjacently cast into a dire situation. They were deprived of their estate and income when Mr. tooshie Dashwood, became the legitimate heir of all of Mr. Dashwoods fortune, and decided non to support the Dashwood wom en fiscally.Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters, Marianne, Elinor and Margaret had no entitlement to any of Mr. Dashwoods wealth. Having no income resources, they depended on Johns charity for support.This was a standard practice of the eighteenth century legal system. In nice times, women had, by law, no rights on property.They were seen as dependent on men not only to survive, besides also in gear up to keep their status and respectability.Class divisions, social status and the struggle for its gaining and victuals are important themes in the novel.All characters in the story come from wealthy, amphetamine class backgrounds.They all belong to high society and their interests and occupations imply this. Sir John Middleton seems to symbolise the best of upper class society. equal the majority of upper class people, his occupation and marital status defined his high position indoors his social circle.His occupation is hunting, his wealth is inherited, and his wifes only occupa tion is to raise children. Lady Middleton gathers all the characteristics of the ideal upper class wo human being she stays in the home, marries, and is very formal and extremely polite, perhaps to the point of irritation.Characters invariably seem to compete for financial and social power.Inherited wealth is presented as the trademark of high social status.The Dashwood women become deprived of both. As a result they are driven into hardship when they have to ordinate up their house in Norland and all its comforts and luxuries and move to smaller, less luxurious premises in Devonshire.By using this relocation theme, Jane Austen could imply their descent from a high social position to a lower one. It seems almost as if the Dashwoods were expelled from Norlands paradise to Barton Cottages hell merely because of their fe priapic nature. In Austens world, being a woman in a mans world is a harsh, cruel reality.Marriage for status is an issue of spectacular importance in Sense and Sen sibility. It was seen as a common dash in order to gain status. What is more, it was not seen as a choice, but a necessity.Men would seek status through inheritance and/or a wealthy marriage. Edward Ferrars is a typical example of this type of a man in the story.Women would not only opt for handsome and educated men, but principal(prenominal)ly for wealthy ones, handle Lucy Steele. Wealthier women were also more likely to be legitimate for marriage depending on the dowries they could offer.This put Marianne and Elinor in immediate disadvantage to other women in the novel (i.e. the Steele ladies), and subsequent pressure, in terms of their legitimacy.Their strife for successful marriages mainly stemmed from a desire for social settlement and a restoration of their loss of status.However, in Mariannes case, the main motive for marriage seems to be love (sensibility) and not money (sense), unlike Elinor. Nevertheless, she seems to be almost pushed in a proper marriage with Colonel Brandon in the end.Men seem to have a lot more space for manoeuvering through suppressive social rules than women do in the novel.Society appears to allow them more freedom in marriage and age issues Colonel Brandon consecrates a good example in this case. His advanced age did not eventually stop him from getting married to Marianne.In Jane Austens world as presented in the novel, social integrating and acceptance depends on ones status and his/her sensible, controlled behaviour. There seems to be very little room for individuality and deviance.Elinor, Edward Ferrars and the Middletons make fine examples of sensible, controlled characters. As Austen describes Elinor possessed a strength of understanding, and coolness of judgmentShe had an excellent heart her tendency was affectionate, and her feelings were strong but she knew how to govern them (p4-5).Edwards propriety and the Middletons formality also signify their extreme level of governmental correctness and adherence to st rict codes of conduct in order to be accepted in society. tender etiquette, formal code of conduct, and discretion to the point of concealment of ones feelings, are also important features in the novel. require for social advancement is also evident. Mrs. John Dashwood, for example, was fast to install herself mistress of Norland.In the struggle for financial and social power, women appear to act within their own sphere of action the home. Women like Mrs. J. Dashwood and Mrs. Ferrars, use home(prenominal) help and financial politics to ensure their control over situations, within and outside their home environment.Financial and domestic politics seem to be the only means women can use to have their own way in the world of the novel.Ironically enough, even though the story is set in a male-dominated society, the male characters possess little power over women like, for example, Mrs. J. Dashwood and Mrs. Smith and Ferrars.In terms of politics in the home environment, it almost seems as if under the surface of a male-dominated society, what is actually going on is beyond what eyeball can see. Austen successfully conveys this idea.

Cross-Cultural Communication Essay

To participate effectively in todays world, we must make do that communication is profoundly related to culture. To achieve effectiveness in social and professional life, we need to be sensitive to culture difference and adapt our interaction to mint of varied culture background. The following scenario highlights the importance of adapting interaction to people with different culture.Five years ago, when I just came to Singapore, I came across an consequent which made me realize that different cultures may influence people be leads differently under the same circumstance. afterward we finished a school group project, all the team members Wu syndicate (Chinese), Samuel (Singaporean) and I (Chinese) decided to have a dinner together at a Chinese restaurant for celebration. When the dinner came to the end, Wu Gang took divulge his wallet and would like to pay the bill.At that moment, Samuel asked Wu Gang how much he should pay for his sh are. No need, no need Its my treat. replie d by Wu Gang. Seeing this, I tried to took the bill from Wu Gang and insist that I pay the bill this time. Wu Gang stopped me, saying to me Leave it to next time. Meanwhile, he stood up and approached to casher for payment. Samuel still insisted on paying his hold share and left the m cardinaly to him after Wu Gang came back. At the end, Wu Gang accepted Samuels money unhappily. Samuel was confused and uncomfortable with Wu Gangs reaction.At that time, I didnt understand Samuels insistence either because it is so common in China for one to pay for everybody in dinner. People pay the bill for you to treat you as a close protagonist as if you were a family member. Rejection means that you reject to be a close acquaintanceship. Thats why Wu Gang was unhappy to Samuel in the above scenario. The appropriate respond in China culture is to treat your friend back next time. Now, after living in Singapore for several years, I understand that Singaporeans are more comfortable to split the bill even they are close friends. In Singapore culture, it reflects deference and fairness to your friend that each one pays his/her own share. In this incident all of us chose our own correct way to deal with the situation but ignore others different cultural background.Many people evaluate others based on the standards of their own culture. Some people think their standards reflect universal truths. They arent aware that they are imposing the yardstick of their particular culture and ignoring the yardsticks of other cultures. Devaluing whatever differs from our own shipway limits human interaction and leads misunderstanding.. In China, one preson usually pays for __6__ . In Western countries, one preson pays if he or she is entertaining clients , but __7__ friends eat together , they usually share the cost. This is called going Dutch.