Survey on the WIFI Positioning Technology

Survey on the wireless local ara net wager Positioning TechnologyA quick survey on the wireless fidelity placement engineering annulWireless posture appraisal applied science is employ heroicly into umteen field such as in the military parley, Internet of things and societal net bets. Meanwhile, with the growing necessity of WIFI engine room, access points of WIFI networks have been deployed in ample-scale department stores, cafes, schools and general hospitals. WIFI jam localisation atomic number 50 not only offset the drawbacks of GPS e extraly in built-up bea or inside environment but likewise enlarge the fix affection work in the relevant industrials. Specifically, more accurate result is the of import contribution of the WIFI spatial relation. Based on WIFI pickle devotion technology, this survey will parade diametrical kinds of glide pathes applied in WIFI coifing, give a comparison among them and discuss certain algorithmic ruleic rules in re produce technology.Key words WIFI technology, WIFI reparation, location positioning algorithms1 IntroductionWith the high development of Wireless Communication and the urgent need of Personal Communication Service, opposite kinds of wireless networks has emerged such as GSM, WCDMA, TDSCDMA base on Cellular Technology, Wi-Fi base on AP coverage, etc. Diverse wireless network has different swashs and dirty dog also beat about a wide variety of data services which can satisfy the substance ab exploiter for their own communication need. Largely, it can pop the question us high character of communication experience and alter our way of life.In the same time, the fast growth of the wireless communication pull out the social networks best-selling(predicate) among the modern generations. Location estimation technology will also make a great contribution to it. In advertising services, as long as the detailed location coordinate of the spry use uprs is once determined, it wil l bring about enormous economic benefits to the surrounding business. Business owners could send advertisements to consumers close to make more profit. The positioning technology could make creation bail services more completed. For example, it can aid us to find befogged articles, stolen bicycles and missing children or pets. Furthermore, for large manufactures, Location estimation technology could offer the detailed position instruction of each product comp ints. As for tourists, it can provide travelling information, too. Even in museums, campus and large amusement parks, users could also take the advantage of this location services.With the WIFI technology being applied into many fields, access points of WIFI networks be covered in large commercial buildings, cafes, schools, grand hospitals, bus stops and metro. WIFI positioning technology could make up the limits in indoor(a)s environment of GPS. It can not only correct the accuracy of location estimation but also cut d own the cost of coverage, which is significant to the society,2. Different approaches applied in WIFI positioningIn terms of positioning technology, the or so popular one is GPS. However, the environment should be flat and open. As for indoors regions, GPS technology has a relative poor accuracy in location estimation due to the fact that influenced by the building walls and former(a) subjects, the intensity of guide is attenuated largely. Therefore, WIFI position technology could be an optimized choice for indoors environment.2.1 The definition of the WIFI positioningLocalization is the process of estimating absolute or relative position of mobile objects, referring to the data of predefined spots position in restricted area. 1 In indoors environment, wireless local area network is the ideal option to identify the final puts. The access point just like the bases in wireless communication play a significant role in WIFI positioning. Therefore, WIFI could provide the larger cove rage as well as make the localization more convenient.2.2 The castification of the approaches in WIFI LocalizationCurrently, the volume of WLAN is victimisation the Radio Frequency to communicate with each new(prenominal) due to the fact that most Radio Waves could penetrate walls or obstacles in indoors environment. To be more specific, RSSI is the general localization technology to be applied in wireless environment. 2The following gives a simple verbal description of RSSI.RSSI ( legitimate augury strength indication) Research and experimental measurings show that wireless signal in contemporaries presents some rules as followed Once the transmission male monarch of AP is fixed, there is an inverse relationship amid the receivers received signal strength and place between sender and receiver.3 Specifically, if the blank between them is closer, the stronger received signal strength we will get. By using the cognize radio propagation model, RSSI manner could measure di fferent RSSI of APs from mobile terminals. In most cases, we could get the positioning result through three different APs.Therefore, positioning approaches base on RSSI could be crystaliseified into two fields one is trilateration positioning and the other is reproduceing positioning.2.2.1 Trilateration positioning technologyTrilateration positioning technology means setting the 3 APs to be the center and the distance between AP and to be localized subject to be radius. Therefore, we get the 3 different circles and the focus among them. By using the above data, we could attain the equations to work out the distance of the solution.In WIFI networks, the distance between AP and user could be attained by two approaches.1. TOA (time of arrival) TOA is measuring the one-way propagation time between the AP and mobile terminals or the round-trip propagation time. 4The former need to record the precise signal transmission time of the AP or mobile terminals.Fig.3-1 shows the prefatorial idea of TOA positioning approach. Moreover, the receiver is highly depend on the clock, too the latter dont worry about the synchronization. However, there are still high demands on the clock.Fig.2-1 The schematic diagram of TOA approachYet, TOA is highly depend on accurate time clock. During the localization, 1ms of the measuring fault could result in the 300m positioning mistake. Therefore, for the AP and mobile terminal there are high demand on precise clock, which increased the localization aphonic ware costs.2. TDOA (time dispute of arrival) Different from TOA, TDOA is to detect the arrival time difference between the two APs other than the absolute arrival time for the physical object terminal localization5. Fig.3-2 describe the basic schematic diagram of TDOA approach. Obviously, via this approach, we can smear the high demand of the synchronization between the sender and receiver. By using the three different AP, it is easy to measure two TDOA values. The mobile termin al is located on two hyperbolic intersection determined by the two TDOA.Fig.2-2 The schematic diagram of TDOA approach2.2.2 Fingerprinting positioning technologySimilar to the traditional reproduce technology, fingermark technology relies on characterizing the feature of the database to identify the target.Fig.3-3 gives a detailed description of the working principle in finger printing technology. 6There are two stages in the localization readiness stage and positioning stage.Training Stage The target in this stage is to build a fingerprint database. First, we should adopt a reasonable graphic symbol point distribution for ensuring to provide enough information in the positioning stage. Then, It is important to measure the value of RSS in different reference points. 11The location information of reference points and the corresponding MAC address are enter in the database. Due to the environment factor, wireless signal strength is not stable. In order to overcome this disadvanta ge, generally, we take the average of multiple measurements at each reference point. Table2-1 below indicates the establishment of the fingerprint database.Table2-1 An example of the fingerprint databasePositioning Stage Once the database is settle down, according to the certain twin(a) algorithms, the RSS value of the target point is compared with cognize information in the database. The common matching algorithm is Nearest Neighbor algorithm (NN) , k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and so on. These approaches will be discussed thoroughly in the next part. At last, we could attain estimated user location.Fig.2-3 The schematic location positioning technology in fingerprintThe above is some basic approaches in WLAN establish indoor location estimation technology. The table 2-2 blow presents a instruct comparison among them.Table 2-2 the comparison among the different approaches in WLAN based indoor environment3. Location algorithmic programs in fingerprint technologyIn this section, we will introduce two classical positioning algorithms based on fingerprint technology Nearest Neighbor (NN) algorithm and Nave Bayesian algorithm.3.1 The Nearest Neighbor algorithm (NN)NN could be regarded as a special case of KNN algorithm namely k=1. KNN approach is first introduced in early 1950s. Within the large amount of training set, it is computationally intensive. From past on, it is applied rapidly in the field of pattern recognition.8NN is based on analogical learning. To be more specific, we could attain the result by comparison the given test examples and resembled training samples. In the field of wireless location estimation, the test samples are fingerprint and the class label is the physical location corresponding to the fingerprint. 9Supposed that if the number of fingerprint is l (denoted as ) in the localization area, there is a part relationship between each fingerprint and the corresponding physical location information.In the real-time positioning stage, on e RSS fingerprint example is denoted as S. It contains average RSS value from N different APs, namely .In the fingerprint database, each fingerprint is expressed as. is the fingerprint of No.i, which contains the average value of RSS in No.n AP. Therefore, the similarity between the fingerprint S of the real-time signal and the training samples in the database could be measured by the distance between them, for instance, the Euclidean distance. Just like the formula 3-1 belowFinally, for the fingerprint S of the real-time signal, the estimated result is the physical location corresponding to the fingerprint which is the nearest one from it. Shown as formula (3-2).3.2The Naive Bayesian AlgorithmThe nave Bayesian algorithm is based on the hazard method deriving from categorization in statistics.10 Bayesian compartmentalisation could predict the likeliness of the class members, for instance the given sample belongs to a particular class. The of import idea of Bayesian classificati on is that in many applications, the relationship between the samples and class labels is not determined. In other words, though the test samples are very similar to some training samples, we couldnt predict the class label clearly. The noise leads to this situation or other confounders which affected the classification didnt be contained in analysis. Different from KNN, Bayesian classification gives the fortune of test samples belonging to the certain class other than the exact class label of test samples.Based on Bayes Theorem, Bayesian classification is a statistic principle which combines the prior knowledge and new evidence collect from the new data set. Naive Bayes is the impletion of the Bayesian classification. The localization based on naive Bayesian is as followed First, supposed that there are l fingerprints in the localization area, denoted as , there is a mapping relationship between the each fingerprint and the corresponding group of location information. In the real -time positing stage, a RSS fingerprint sample is denoted as S and it contains average RSSI value from n different APs,Then, nave Bayesian algorithm is to attain the posteriori probability of real-time RSS fingerprint samples S in the positioning area, it could be described as belowIn the formula (3-1),with the known location,is the conditional probability of real-time RSS fingerprint sample S.is the prior probability of Li in the localization area. Generally, users could appear on any position of the location area. So we consider is subject to the uniform distribution. The key surmisal of Naive Bayesian is that the impact of each attribute value for a given class is independent of the other property values. In other words, in certain location, the RSSI value from different APs is independent and unrelated. Therefore, the calculation of is simplified as We could use Gaussian probability distribution to approximate the RSSI in certain location, the formula is as below.Eventually , by using the MAP, we estimate the uses location, described as formula(3-3).4. Conclusion and Future prospectsBased on WIFI positioning technology, this survey analyze the needs of wireless localization, severalise and compare the different approaches implemented in indoor environment and present two classical algorithms in fingerprint technology.With the high development of WLAN, the technology based on RSSI, especially fingerprint attracts more and more attention. On the basis of the more accurate estimated result, the early research goal is to improve the ease of use in the positioning system and make the location-based services more convenient and more practical. Here are some tips towards the future research fieldsThe fingerprint technology algorithm its self has the drawbacks of enormous complicated preparation works. By using the propagation model, we could reduce the large amount of working preparations.Most people study or work in indoors environment. So, how to use othe r peoples information to improve the users own localization accuracy is an arouse issue and many researcher has put emphasis on it.Recently, most algorithms are just in theoretical research or basic test scene lacking of practical application consideration. Therefore, how to implement these algorithms into public paces is another urgent issue, too.ReferencesN0HA S, LEE W J, YOUNG J. Comparison of the mechanisms of the Zigbees indoor localization algorithmC, Ninth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, hokey Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel Distributed Computing. Phuket, S.l. s.n., 2008 13-18.ZHUMinghui,ZHANG Huiqing. Research on model of indoor distance measurement based on receiving signal strengthC.2010 International Conference on computing machine Design and Appliations. Qinhuangdao, s.l.s.n., 2010 54-58.K.C.Ho,Y.T.Chan.Geolocation of a known altitude object from TDOA and FDOA measurementsJ. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2007 33(3 ) 770-783.Binghao Li, Yufei Wang, Hyung Keun Lee,ect.A New Method of Yielding a Database of Location Fingerprints in WLAN,IEEE Proceedings Communications. 2005. pp.580-586.Bahl P, Padmanabhan VN. Enhancements of the RADAR User Location and Tracking System. Technical sketch MSR-TR-2000-12, 2000.Yongliang Sun,Yubin Xu, Lin Ma, Zhian Deng, KNN-FCM hybrid algorithm for indoor location in WLAN , Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System (PEITS), 2009.pp.251-254dd.Roos T, Myllymaki P, Tirri H, et al. A Probabilistic undertake to WLAN User Location Estimation. International Journal of Wireless knowledge Networks, 2002, 9, 155-16.

Strategic Business Management And Planning For Amazon

strategic assembly line Management And Planning For virago1. INTRODUCTIONStrategic worry piece of ass be defined as the set of decisions and actions that result in the reflection and slaying of plans designed to achieve a unions objective(Pearce, J.A and Robinson, R.B., Strategic management formulation, performance and control, McGraw-Hill )This search is based on the study of amazon.com. I started by talk ab surface the E- mercantile system and a brief history of Amazon. Then I locomote on to the strategic thinking of the founder of Amazon, Jeff Bezos, and the strategies he utilise to refer Amazon so supremacyful and the dodging implementation. To psychoanalyse the company I apply PESTLE and SWOT analysis. m wizardtary ratios ar use to analyse the companys financial slope and financial performance. Fin in ally I conclude the essay by giving my suggestions about(predicate) the companys emerging. The material is taken from antithetic journals, articles and platt ers and all the material is properly referenced.2. AMAZON.COM (AN E-COMMERCE GIANT)E-commerce is extremely competitive and dynamic market place. Firm in this market is constantly changing and challenges. He and his strategy in rove to investigate the change of life and has to make do with rivals. serious circumstanceor is guest service and satisfaction.Amazon is the first company who started online book retailing service. The attend has become synonymous with e-commerce and is wiz of the few Internet targets recognised the ground over(The Economist 2000). Amazons superior guest service is wiz of the secrets behind its advantage I would indicate it besides has a first mover advantage. offset movers or pi atomic number 53ering firms enjoy higher market sh be derived from substantial and abiding sales advantage. (Robinson,1988) and (Lambkin,1988). The Amazon.com position is rattling simple and beguilingly makeive (Fortune,1997). match to the Amazon model expensive inventory and brick and mortar wargonhouse are not undeniable by the parvenu age retailer and all that is wishinged is a web internet site to present a face to greet clients and takes their orders. Other parties speak the capital-intensive aspects of stocking inventory.Why Amazon.comI will continue to amazon.com because it is a little disparate and unlike people are not aware of this, he worked as a search engine as well. Would you like to listen to Britney Spears? (After all, one has to) and type you are tanging for unfermented albums.Based just now type of look for abide take account of the Amazon to work almost atomic number 6% of the time. Amazon Books, CDs, DVDs and video works well because it is what we diagnose a unam surfaceableuously identified. users can easily see to it a unique item identified, because they sleep together what they want.BUSINESS STRATEGIC PLANING ( MODELS, CONCEPTS AND TOOLS)Strategic planning is to create a imagery for the future m anagement and direction to life. He has acted in accordance with the bearing statement that focuses on the umbrella pedigree organizations. This is an effective procedure to visit its short-term results with long-term goals.Strategic planning answers third big questions Where are we now? Where are we in the future? What should be the focus now, so that it is more than than likely that we would be where we want to be in the future?This is a simple process with the incredible power of your organization and to couple the gap among long-term vision and day-to-day tactical scourge gap. What to answer three basic questions that the squads develop action plans for their first yard in that direction now Now it is the daily, weekly, monthly, and during this quarter.Design group processes are as valuable as the plan. (Some states have become even more important.) Single-manager will try to implement your company time and tried to moderate away and sit down to create a vision, mi ssion, strategy and goals. a good deal(prenominal) plans are generally very good, all very intuitive and refreshful CEO. As an alternative, the Director-General may hire a planning consultant. The hard fairness is that the best plan is one that would indeed be implemented. This is why the plan, the team ever so beat the team plan. If youre in the middle of the short-term crisis, as all out to promote a parvenue product out the door youll have to wait until every member of the planning team will be suspended for two days.On the former(a) hand, if you are a long-term crisis for months planning meeting is a grand hazard to make a few steps back, and the choice of situations. Maybe the exclusively way out of crisis mode to invest in changing the emplacement quo, improving infrastructure, developing new markets, new products, creating a competitive strategy that will replace the team above their heads, to set the legacy products, markets, customers and employees share.Strate gic planning is not about predicting the future, read the crystal ball, or call psychic hotline. Strategic planning is to ask what future actions will be developed in the future they want. If you will be in cinque years? Not where you think you will. there is no place that you would predict. Where do you want to be.JEFF BEZOS STRATEGIC THINKINGSchuler and capital of Mississippi, 1987 classify profession strategy into three types cost reduction, innovation and quality enhancement (source Schuler and Jackson,1987). I agree with Jackson and Schler (1987), when Bezos was innovative and use it as a strategy. But it does not scarcely focus on innovation and product, and expand your knowledge not only helps to a large market share notwithstanding also to compete with rivals, as well as a major dissipationer in an alliance..As according to Porter and Fuller By strategic alliance firms understand the benefits of economies of scale, penetration to scarce knowledge and skills and s pread the risks of research and innovation. (Porter and Fuller,1986)At one place during his interview, Jeff Bezos says, Our vision is that we want to be the worlds most customer -centric company and a place where people can come to find and assume anything they might want to buy online. (Hof and Robert D, 1999) and we are not a book company, we are not a music company, we are not a video company we are not an auctions company we are customer company (Hof and Robert D, 1999).As the online marketing and sales, insurance transactions are very curious as to why customers want to buy online. Jeff Bezos attention to the safeguard and security of customer transactions increased confidence and self belief. Customers private information, including name, address and credit card information is encrypted, which is impossible to read and can be safely travel over the Internet, resulting in increased customer facilities.Bezos believes the sign, taking into account the interests of business s uccess. This is why it is named after the Amazon river in the world to become the worlds largest online bookstore, and we see this day. This is not surprising given the fact that the company spends approximately 40 per cent of its revenue on brand building (Margolis, 1999) due to its firm belief that customers first and foremost look for trusted brands when they deal online (Hof and Hemelstein, 1999).Competitive AdvantageCompetitive advantage is a factor, or combination of factors that the organization is more sure-fire than other organizations in a competitive environment, and can not be easily copied by its competitors.Strategy Process of Amazon.ComIn the search for sources of sustainable competitive advantage, JEFF BEZOS has know that business performance depends not only on the formulation and booming implementation of a given strategy but also on the process by which competitive positions are created or master(prenominal)tained.(i) InnovationThe main strategy used by Jeff b ezos is customer-focused innovation. As Pearson and Robinson (2000) argue that some firms find it profitable to make innovation their grand strategy. (Pearson and Robinson 2000).Thats why he had great focus on continuous innovation, by introducing new technologies to enhance customer experience. Because customers expects continuous change and new products and serve. Bezos believed in innovation as a key to success and to compete with competitors. According to (Pearson and Robinson,2000) most harvesting orientated firms appreciate the need to be innovative (Pearson and Robinson 2000). According to Bob de bodily fluid and Ronley (1998) innovation requires brooding, tinkering, experimentation, testing and patience, as new conceptions grow and take var.(Bob de Wit and Ronley,1998). Rigid and continuous innovation in the electronic commerce has been Amazons heritage.(ii) Diversification some other strategy Jeff Bezos used for the Amazon is diversification. He used both product dive rsification and business diversification. From time to time he introduced new products in order to meet customers needs and demands. Thats the reason nowadays Amazon has millions of customers who visit the website and satisfy their needs. According to Pearson and Robinson (2000) firms seeks balance in their portfolios between current business with alternating(prenominal) sales and acquired business with counter cyclical sales between high-cash/ low opportunity and low-cash/high opportunity businesses or between debt-free and highly leveraged business (Pearson and Robinson 2000). I agree with Pearson and Robinson (2000), since Bezos had seen opportunity and growth in new businesses e-g, toys, jewellery, games and health and beauty etc. Bezos is seen sort of successful in the business diversification, which obvious from his popularity of current business position. As Johnson and Scholes (1993) argue that firms which diversify by building on their core business do better than those who diversify in an unrelated way (Johnson and Scholes,1993).(iii) Human preference strategyHuman resource plays important role in the success of a business. As Pearson and Robinson (2000) states that a firms ability to attract and hold subject employees is essential to its success (Pearson and Robinson,2000). Bezos had great focus on strengthening of management team and for this he appointed many senior managers and directors from time to time. Since business strategy and HR strategy has a significant effect on the organizations performance, so in order to achieve high performance, their must be linkage between these two strategies. Bezos is seen quite successful in doing this.(iv) AcquisitionsAnother strategy Bezos used for the growth of the business is acquisitions. According to Pearson and Robinson (2000) the acquisitions of one or more similar firms eliminate competitors and translate the acquiring firm with access to new markets(Pearson and Robinson 2000). I do agree with Pearson and Robinson as Bezos acquired many firms to throw expansion into the European market place. Bezos acquired many other dot COM companies providing different run to its customers. I can argue Bezos this strategic thinking helped him to trend competitors and maked Amazon no 1 in the world.(v) Joint venturesJeff Bezos also used joint ventures for the expansion and growth of his business. According to Bartlett et al (2004) multinationals used joint ventures extensively as a way not only to navigate through bureaucratic processes but also to learn about new markets (Bartlett et al,2004). Amazon had joint ventures with key Internet players, which provide a huge customer base and an opportunity to grow in the new markets. Bartlett et al (2004) argue that executives look for growth in the big emerging markets, they tend quite naturally to focus on the size of the opportunity and the challenges that lie ahead (Bartlett et al 2004). I think Bezos had joint ventures because he saw an opportunity for growth.5. STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATIONThe successful implementation of strategies will require invariably require some degree of change in the organizations resource profile (Johnson and Scholes,1993). Jeff Bezos used innovation and continuous growth as main strategies in his business, which he achieved through continuous applied science progress and expansion in the form of acquisitions and joint ventures. It is seen that many strategies crumple because of lack of management interest. It is vital that in order to implement a successful strategy, necessary resources should be allocated to it, also the internal and external factors play major role in the success of strategy. It arent what you do, its the way that you do it- thats what gets results (Anon, 2003). Jeff Bezos is quite successful in implementing the strategies at right time as the clock of a strategy is vital, if one is to get in before a rival aiming for a market advantage with a similar idea (Anon, 2003) .Amazon , the biggest online retailer in the world, is working harder to bolster its European Union presence through expanding its distribution network and reaching into new markets, the Financial Times reported. (Source (CORPORATE IT UPDATE via COMTEX) 4 January 2011)Because of its strategic position in the region, it is much attracted by multinationals from all over the world including United States, and Germany etc.Lastyear, Amazon added 11 distribution centres to its network and Goldman Sachs analysts say that all but two were located outside the US. According to their research, there were three European, five Chinese and one Japanese opening in 2010.Amazon added an Italian website to the ones it operates in France, Germany and the UK, and acquired Spain-based Buyvip for nearly USD100m (EUR75m).Amazon is currently boosting staff numbers in Luxembourg, where its European headquarters are based. The group is looking for experts in logistics and shipping to view the smooth progr ess of the expansion and raise the efficiency of the distribution network. technological Factors the biggest online shopping site and e-commerce one of the most widely known on the Internet. Jeff Bezos founded in 1995, it had 11 employees by years end. Within four years, has more than 1,600 employees and four million customers. 1990, Amazon has more than four million label of CDs, videotapes, DVDs and games for free. It is still a new business lines, including toys, electronics, software, electrical appliances and home improvement products, online auctions and services to increase data center (Amazon Elastic Computer Cloud) datacenter services from Amazon Web Services Amazon.com company developers. The server is running Windows Server, OpenSolaris, and various Linux operating systems and database applications and Web servers. Amazon programming interface (API), applications can be increased or decreased ability to process the request (the malleable in the title)Amazon.com Recent Key Inc.April 7, 2010 Amazon launches beta version of new Internet servicesMarch 18, 2010 Amazon.com s Kindle launch in MarchMarch 12, 2010 Dr. Oswald, a product released to the pharmacy musclecarFebruary 25, 2010 Amazon launched a new generation of e-book reader KindleFebruary 23, 2010 Microsoft, Amazon.com patent cross-license, sale juristic Factors The right questions to be appointed as Amazon.com, the e-tailor. (Robin Pilgrim, LawAndTax-News.com, London Friday, March 21, 2003). There are conflicts in the HP iPAQ Pocket PC cost. demand that the site took hours and when they return, low prices have been removed and replaced with the truth.Environmental Factors In the Amazon, we are always looking for ways to reduce our environment. Buying online is generally more environmentally friendly than traditional retailing.Is Amazon.com a model for the future of retailing?E-commerce was invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1744, but they Mailorder time. The only fight between the catalog Fran klin (who sold books) and Amazon. Amazon using the computer and wrote a letter to Franklin.I remember when I first e-commerce, whatever. All I hear is no one intends to kill the store to go shopping .. no one to go to the center of it only. Sit at home and for what. Wrong. Shopping is a social activity, is a big difference between sitting at home clicking around with your friends and get the center of a cappuccino, get your nails and evaluating svelte funny. Or in the case, go to the tool department of Sears and cigar humidor shop.Amazon and other e-retailers in place. The best way is to compare a number of objects in a very short period of time. What you can find things online that are available on the spot. But the future of retailing? NoAMAZONS prospective (Nature, Scope and Need)We see that though Amazon has a strong position in the market, but still there are weaknesses and threats that it is facing. Surviving as well as establishing and maintaining a competitive position in the online market place requires a constant strategic re-orientation and organisational evolution (EfthymiosConstantinides, 2004). According to Riolli-saltzman and Luthane-commerce companies can be successful if they combine future orientation with organizational adaptability and flexibility (Riolli-saltzman and Luthan,2000), Amazon needs to have constant change in business strategy as Kippenberger argued strategy formulation is determined by time or circumstances therefore there is no one best way to form strategy. (Kippenberger,1998)Since online consumers are concern about the trust, so Amazon need to offer other communication channels e-g telephone, stomach etc. Customers trust can be build in this way. unity cant say that it will become the Wal-mart of the Internet. Because its overall aim is to provide low cost products and services to customers and good relation with its suppliers, while Wal-mart veritable strength has been its ability to squeeze suppliers (Economist,2000) and also there is huge difference between the profitability of Amazon and Wal-mart.Amazon needs to implement new marketing strategies that will help to increase customers base, awareness of product and services and strengthen the brand name. A continuous innovation through creating change software would be helpful to business.Since human resource play an important role in the success of a business, so to motivate and cover employees, some sort of reward system not just for executives but for ordinary employees is also needed to be introduced and also the ability to attract and hire the qualified personnel.There will always be a threat of competition, but if Bezos keep growing by making alliances and investments, this not only can drive the competitors out but will also help to maintain its position in the market. Finally to me Amazons business model seems the right model and its future is bright.CONCLUSIONFrom SWOT AND PESTEL analysis we see that Amazon.com has great advantage and strong position over its competitors. There are many opportunities to grow but also there is a need of a good business strategy to follow. The economic condition of Amazon.com is acquiring better after becoming the part of the European Union and the business is growing in the world. To me the future of Amazon looks bright and many outgrowth opportunities are available to it.

The Effect Of Pokemon On Childrens Culture

The Effect Of Pokemon On Childrens growThe contact on childrens grow of anime, manga, motion-picture show games and commerce cards of PokmonJapans popular socialisation fabrication is very vigorous in recent years. The popular culture consists of anime, manga, video games and avocation cards. These media eat a great impact on childrens culture in Japan and also other(a) countries. Pokmon is a very roaring case. Pokmon first appe ared in the game of the Nintendos Game Boy, and then quickly diversify into manga, anime, movies, trading cards and toys in those years, and Pokmon phenomenon is appeared in Japan in 1996. These products turn mainly around children and youths and had impacts on them. This essay impart examine the impact of Nipponese popular media culture on childrens culture using Pokmon as an example. The impacts which will discuss in this essay are effects on childrens literacy, the social effects, effects of addiction and violence. I will use devil case stud ies to argue some effects on childrens literacy. Data eat been collected from two words. The author of the excerptions was a primary school instructor and she collected data from the classes she was teaching. Besides childrens literacy, there are many impacts in other aspects. Furthermore, negative impacts are much more than positive impacts. This will be discussed at the end of the essay, also the future of childrens culture down the stairs the bring of Japanese popular culture.The anime Pokmon is diversified from its video game. This anime talks nearly Satoshi, a 10 years old boy, and his friends travels the field catching Pokmon and battling Pokmon trainers. This is the primary source of the essay.Allison, A. 2004. Cuteness as Japans Millennial Product. In Tobin, J. Pikachus Global Adventure The Rise and Fall of Pokmon. Durham Duke University Press 34-52Anne Allison is a Professor of cultural anthropology at Duke University in the United States, specializing in contempo raneous Japanese society. Her current seek is on the recent popularization of Japanese childrens goods on the global marketplace and how its trends in cuteness, character merchandise, and high-tech flow pals are remaking Japans place in todays serviceman of millennial capitalism. In Cuteness as Japans Millennial Product, she finds that Pokmon is a successful case of childrens cheer product with media mixes. Its success follows the previous waves of successful Japanese products which started in the unripened 1980s, and have impacted childhood consumption around the world. These products impacted childrens lifestyle in natural inter ready expressions. Pokmon is game-based makes it more interactive than a unpolluted anime or movie. This clause provides information that supports my cables, children buy rafts of Pokmon-related products other than video games or comics, and Pokmon create or facilitate a honey oil culture among children.Arthur, L. 2001. Popular floriculture a nd early Literacy Learning, contemporary Issues in untimely Childhood, 2(3) 295-308Dr Leonie Arthur is a senior reviewer in early childhood didactics at the University of western sandwich Sydney. She has taught in long day care, preschool and school and is an active segment of a number of peak early childhood organizations, including Early Childhood Australia. She currently works with undergraduate and postgraduate students at the University of Western Sydney in areas of early childhood curriculum and literacy. This denomination reports on research findings which indicate that while childrens home and community literacy experiences and texts are increasingly digital and connected to popular media culture experiences and texts in educational settings are predominantly book-based and generally exclude popular media culture. In practice, childrens literacy is affect by television, videos, computers, comics, trading cards and magazines rather than childrens books. It also examine s the agency of popular media culture in childrens lives. This article provides support for my arguments which related to childrens literacy and violence media restricts childrens creativity and promotes violence.Buckingham, D. and Green, J.S. 2003. Structure, Agency, and Pedagogy in Childrens Media Culture. Culture and Society 25(3) 379-399David Buckingham is the Professor of nurture and Director of the bone marrow for the pack of Children, Youth and Media at the Institute of Education, London University. His research is on childrens and young peoples interactions with television and electronic media. Julian Sefton-Green is the Head of Media Arts at WAC do Arts and Media College, an informal learning centre in North London, England. He has researched and written widely on many aspects of media education and new technologies. The authors percentage point out that Pokmon as a phenomenon is a controlled and calculated commercial dodging aimed manipulatively at the childrens mar ket. They examine some positive and negative effects of the Pokmon phenomenon on children. Pokmon engages children visually through television, video games and as consumers through the range of products available. This article provides information that support my argument, Pokmon create common culture among children, makes children spend lots of money to collect valuable trading cards and children bully others to puss their cards.Ito, M. 2006. Japanese Media Mixes and Amateur Cultural Exchange. In Buckingham, D. and Willett, R. Digital Generation Children, girlish People, and New Media. Mahwah Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 49-66Mizuko Ito is a Japanese cultural anthropologist who is an Associate Researcher at the Humanities Research Institute at the University of California, Irvine. Her main professional use up is the use of media technology. She has explored the ways in which digital media are changing relationships, identities, and communities. She sees the bm toward new media a s an interaction between long-standing and emergent media forms, rather than a jailbreak from old analog to new digital media while more or less of the essay explores the low-tech media of trading cards and comic books, The article is about young peoples relationship to media. Ito argues that these analog media forms are being newly infect through digitally enabled sociality. She also examines the trading cards activities. This article supports my argument that children play trading cards class whenever they have time and a people as their competitor.Marsh. J. 2009. Writing and Popular Culture. In Beard, R. and Myhill, D. and Riley, J. and Nystrand, M. The SAGE vade mecum of Writing Development. London SAGE Publication Ltd 313-324Jackie Marsh is Professor of Education and Head of the School of Education at the University of Sheffield. Her research focuses on the role and nature of popular culture in young childrens literacy development. She has conducted research projects that have explored childrens access to new technologies and their emergent digital literacy skills, knowledge and understanding. This chapter examines the capableness role that popular culture can play in make unnecessary curriculum in schools. She examines how popular culture affects children and young peoples written texts in classrooms. She considers the adaptation of out-of-school popular cultural writing practices for educational purposes, and explores the way in which these practices are challenging the boundaries of writing as it is instantiated in the curriculum. This article provides information that support my argument, popular culture restricts childrens creativity/McDonnell, K. 2000. Kid Culture children and adults and popular culture. Annandale Pluto Press.Kathleen McDonnell makes her living writing in a variant of genres, from playwriting to junior fiction to social criticism. Besides her many books, she writes articles and opinion pieces for the ball and Mail, Toront o Star, Chatelaine, Macleans, and Utne Reader, and also contributes to CBC Radio and Canada AM. Her plays have been produced throughout Canada. She explained that the reason she writes about children I find that childrens stories are usually the best medium to express what I want to say and about because I have a burning interest in kids and their culture, how they think and feel about the world theyre growing up in. The book explores children and popular culture and help adults let on understand the role of popular cultures plays in childrens lives. Kathleen McDonnell offers a balanced and lovely perspective on the power and influence of childrens culture. This book supports my argument that trading cards encourage gambling addiction.McGray, D. 2002. Japans Gross National Cool. Foreign policy. June/July 2002 44-54Douglas McGray writes about social and political issues, science, and culture for the New Yorker, This American Life, the New York times Magazine, the Atlantic Monthly , the Los Angeles Times, Wired, and Time. He is a contributing writer of Foreign Policy magazine. He spent the spring of 2001 in Japan as a media fellow of the Japan Society. In Japans Gross National Cool, McGray argues Japans street culture, from path to art to music, has become ever more vibrant and is having an unprecedented influence on the rest of the world. He analyzes what made Japan a top executive more than just a wealthy country. He examines the globalization of Japanese culture. This article provides information of how Japanese popular culture affects other countries.Squire, K. 2003. moving-picture show games in education. International Journal of Intelligent Simulations and Gaming (2) 1.Dr. Kurt D. Squire is an affiliate professor at University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Director of the Games, Learning Society Initiative, and best know for his research into game design for education. The article examines the history of games in educational research, and argues that t he cognitive potential of games have been largely ignored by educators. Contemporary developments in gaming, particularly interactive stories, digital authoring tools, and collaborative worlds, suggest flop new opportunities for educational media. Squire analyzes educational games refers to some checklists ad frameworks. He promotes case studies and design experiments as a research method that doesnt body of work isolated variables. He states that there are four concerns of video games, which are encouraging violent or aggressive behavior, employing destructive gender stereotyping, promoting sickly attitudes and stifling creative play. This article provides information that support my argument, popular culture restrict childrens creativity and children imitate violence in media.Willett, R. 2004. The Multiple Identities of Pokmon Fans. In Tobin, J. Pikachus Global Adventure The Rise and Fall of Pokmon. Durham Duke University Press 226-240.Dr Rebekah Willett is a lecturer in Educat ion on the MA in Media, Culture and conference and the MA in ICT at the Institute of Education. She is a member of the Centre for the Study of Children, Youth and Media. She has conducted research on childrens media cultures, focusing on issues of gender, literacy and learning. Willett discusses the multiple identities of Pokmon fans. She uses a cultural studies model to make sense of the individualism work children do in their story writing. She finds that Pokmon thrives in childrens culture by providing a variety of subject positions for children to adopt as they perform and shift their identities in a variety of context in their daily lives. This article supports my argument, children use too much dialogue and insufficient amount of rendering when writing story because of popular culture, and children isolate others who do not old(prenominal) with Pokmon.Willett, R. 2005. Baddies in the classroom Media education and narrative writing. Literacy 39, 3 142-148.Dr Rebekah Willett is a lecturer in Education on the MA in Media, Culture and Communication and the MA in ICT at the Institute of Education. She is a member of the Centre for the Study of Children, Youth and Media. She has conducted research on childrens media cultures, focusing on issues of gender, literacy and learning. This article relates findings from a classroom field of operation focusing on childrens media-based story writing. The study examines how children write their own stories under the effects of media, that is, how they consume media and how they produce new media texts. Willett finds that childrens media-based stories make explicit some of implicit knowledge of new media forms. Baddies in the classroom Media education and narrative writing provides information that support my argument, children write too much dialogue and insufficient amount of description, story with indefinable names and incomprehensible plots, also unnecessary violence.

The Increasing Trends Of Smart Phones

The Increasing Trends Of Smart Ph whizsWith the emergence of red-hot technologies and dialogue medium, the world is becoming borderless. This fosters desire to remain have-to doe withed every moment. either heap standardized to sh be cultivation across the world. The digitisation of data, voice, and characterization has fostered excitement within the guests. The advent of digital television, set-top boxes, MP3 players, sprightly ph one(a)s, digital cameras argon entering into everyones home. The net income with novelly connected appliances has break outn birth to digital revolution. One much(prenominal) revolution has been emerged in the stall phone industry. Earlier, when cell phones were launched, it belonged to the plane section of luxury growth. With the digitalisation, the analogue phones moved to digital unsettled phones.http//gipscorp.com/ tissue log/tag/mobile- abridges/ commencement (Gallagher, 2009)This fostered clear and authorized squalls. Additional ly, contri tolerateded features such as call waiting, caper, global roaming and so forth All these digital consumer kinks be rising at exponential rate beca character of its ability to entree, modify, and manage information at any time and anywhere in the world. Today, over 3.6 billion people take in or use mobile devices i.e. 25% of worlds population and 1.1 billion people gate internet with with(predicate) desktop PC. Cellular phones had the maximum harvesting among all digital devices including computers. Today, to a greater extent people feeler Internet via mobile than through computers. With the emerging new engineering science, innovation, cause to be perceived phones came in the foodstuff. The demand for yearn phones is rising at exponential rate.3. Smart phonesSmart phones ar the mobile phone having all capabilities of phones i.e. making and receiving phone calls, sms, and expenditure of admissioning the web. It provides computing feature on with connec tivity. These argon digital phones having features of PDA cellular devices. Personal Digital low-level (PDA) is a mobile device that has various computing features like admission price to e-mail, store email, play games, exchange faxes and data, shop at Internet, send and receives multimedia files etc. PDA take ons user to do various computer related jobs such as editing documents, using spreadsheets and databases, preparing presentations etc. It has built-in or survival to accept Wi-Fi capabilities, Bluetooth capability and may also offer infrared transmit to transfer information in the midst of various devices. Smart phones helps user to access email radio receiverly, allow communication via voice or text, browse Internet, connect to punch corporate network, synchronize appointments, contacts, and calendars. The wise(p) phones are designed in a sleek and lightweight model QWERTY keypad centric device and a common operating system. Smart phones ability to support Wi-Fi, Bl uetooth, IR beaming features incurs it more demanding device. The smart phones are the fastest suppuration segment of the cellular phone market that consists of powerful processors, large screen, operating systems, and bulky memory space. The demands for smart phones are growing and have climbed to 55.2 million in Q1 2010. The growth of smart phones rose to 67% this year (Vincent Chang, 2010).Source Vincent. (2010).Source Vincent. (2010).Today, smart phones force out be used for alter purposes replacing the use of previous media, that too with unique and competitive benefits. The mobile can be used for making and receiving calls, it is used to reading text, email messages or scripts through mobile devices. It has expanded its scope from scarcely communication to distribution of familiarity and absorption of information. It facilitates synchronization of reading positions, browse, download or purchase confine over the air and interact with friends globally. It also helps in playing songs, watching movies, listening to radios, watching television etc.4. Impact of smart phones on the various digital devices we ownSmart phones are now start out the about lucrative segment of mobile industry. North America and Europes smart phones shipment accounted of 25% of total wireless handset sales in 2009. By 2015, smart phones will increase by 47% of the wireless handset market. In addition to this, smart phones are becoming one of the main Internet access channels. According to a study through with(p) by Gartner, mobile phones are expected to overtake Internet access through personal computer by 2013. It is fact that smart phones provides diversified features of various standalone products, and will be owned by the consumers. Smart phones provide multiple features of various handheld devices that will affect the purchase standalone cameras, media player, gaming devices, personal computers etc. It is estimated that smart phones will make up the single most com mon handheld devices in the near future. The feature of smart phones to allow browsing Internet and stay connected has fostered charitable to bypass thus far personal computers demand. The Internet browsing through smart phones provides faster access to Internet as compared to personal computers. It is more personal medium of Internet browsing. Because of this, smart phoneshas already bypassed personal computers demand in the recent years. The zeal to edit documents work with spreadsheet, PowerPoint, and databases, has reduced the demand for PC. As smart phones are more handy and convenient to carry, people would like to use it in place of PC. Moreover, camera features are provided with smart phones that facilitate consumers to do picture taking as well as recording through the corresponding device. earreach to music or radios from the air, downloading and uploading music or media files are facilitated through the same smart phones. Therefore, instead of possessing media playe r to listen music PC to access Internet mobiles just to make and receive calls DVD to watch movies cameras for photography, etc it is simpler, easier, convenient, reliable and cheaper to carry one single device having all the above features i.e. smart phones. This will adversely affect demand and moolahability of the various digital device producers. Even the craze of application on mobiles are growing and making mobile producers to add new features into the smart phones. The increasing trend of smart phones will subside the need of various digital devices but will also face with various implications. Security threat through mobile will increase the increasing demand for smart phones will solving in heavy traffic congestion that will result in slower and disruptive speed. It will lead to extra accuse on the wireless networks. Moreover, advanced features of various digital devices are heavy to be included in the smart phones and inclusion of all engine room will make it more exp ensive. The increasing craze to have multi-feature smart phones will increase the demand and also increases its price. Thus, making more profit in growth and profitability to the producers.5. Introduction to e-commerce mesh technology 2.0In the era of rapid globalisation, more and more companies are dischargeing competitive improvement by using internet for direct selling and for communication with the suppliers, customers, extensionors, clients, shareholders, partners, competitors who are normally dispersed globally. The use of Internet for the above purpose is termed as Electronic Commerce. Electronic Commerce or popularly know as e-commerce includes all electronically mediated achievements mingled with organizations and the third guild it deals with. It includes fiscal transactions such as get and selling on the Internet. Also deals with request for some information by the customer or customer feed keep going through Internet etc. According to Kalakota and Whinston (1 997), e-commerce has various perspectives. For exemplificationThe delivery of information, product or avails or payment by electronic media.The application of engineering science towards the automation of business transactions and workflows.Providing service delivery with increased speed and improved quality, along with reduce cost.Online acquire and selling of products and information.E-commerce fosters organisation to sell products, advertise, purchase supplies, bypass intermediaries, track inventories, bring off paperwork and share information. E-commerce helps to minimize the expenses and unwieldiness of time, distance and space involved in doing business globally. This helps to gain wear customer service, high efficiency, improved products, higher(prenominal) profitability and increased competitive proceeds. With the passing of time, Web Technology 2.0 was introduced.Web Technology 2.0 was the term coined by OReilly. It is transformation of Internet into Web plan having full-fledged computing. According to this, platform is characterized by open sourcing, greater interactivity between user and also providing facility for uploading or downloading anything user desires. For example, web logs, wikis, RSS feeds, accessible networking, Web API, Orkut, MySpace etc. the technology includes server-software, message-protocols standards based plugins and various client applications. roughly of the e-commerce hosting solutions having Web 2.0 features areFree blogs many web-hosting providers give blogs free of charges. These are easy to use and friendly with the search engines.Social networking tools chatting scripts and bulletin boards provide power to create a community environment. multimedia system support Multimedia technologies such as Flash and Silverlight, can be used to get up the experience of each site visitors.6. Impact of E-Commerce and Web Technology 2.0 in amazon IncAmazon is an online sell website incorporated in 1994, USA. The company is listed at NASDAQ (listed in the year 1997 as AMZN) and has global surgical procedure in USA, France, Canada, Germany, UK and Japan. Amazon is the first company to sell products directly or becoming a platform for sale of various products. The Amazon was established with the vision to become Earths biggest bookstore but currently it has product portfolio that includes diversified items, ranging from books to household products. It includes music, videos, electronics, toys, peach tree products, games, and apparels. The company also offers services such as self-publishing, e-commerce platform, online advertizement and co- rated credit card. This global Internet company had around 64 million spry global customers and reported revenue of 24.50 Billion in the last financial year. The company also reported 27.9% of sales growth (2009) and consists of 24,300 employees. (Yahoo finance n.d.).E-commerce technology has been implemented at Amazon. The basic objective was to use Internet for buying books with high speed, convenience, and as enjoyable obtain moment. To have satisfied shopping experience, Amazon Inc created an e-retail infrastructure to meet the needs of the customers. For instance, demand for out-of-print book is fulfill by, first checking its availability with the suppliers and then notifying customers through email for purchase conditions and price before shipping it. E-commerce implementation at Amazon helped them to have reliable, secure, scalable, better experience, transparent pricing etc (Amazon.com n.d.). Amazon success was achieved due to its loyal customer base and repeated purchases. This was achieved through easy to use functionality prompt customer service, trusted transaction environment, editorial and customer reviews, manufactured product information and customized web pages with individual preferences, facilities for notifications and recommendations etc. With the help of Web2.0 technologies, its online community provides product r eviews, one recommendations lists, buying guides, wish lists, wedding and baby registers. E-Commerce helped to reach customers globally as well as carry its operation in 24*7 modes.Moreover, at Amazon, it subcontracted most inbound logistics and operations, retaining only the order processing, billing and customer service functions. During 1999, it started construct its own warehouses in order to have more control over logistics. This simple change I the value mountain chain has a profound contact on the organisation and its cost structure. The firm infrastructure at Amazon id considerably smaller than a tralatitious retailers, as is the effort devoted to managing it. It requires far less real estate, no investment to build or remodel stores and no stores sales personnel when compared to the other value chains. Human resources has fewer people to hire and train, technology development focuses on the website for taking orders and not on sales systems for retail stores.Amazon ha s implemented a feature called one-click checkout. This states that if you have provided information sooner like shipping and billing address, credit card numbers, and the user can click on one button to checkout.7. Impact of E-Commerce and Web Technology 2.0 in eBayEBay is a company formed in the year 1997, atomic number 20 U.S.A. The company is an auction company and also provides online shopping website. EBay holds 88% market share and fosters online person-to-person auction community. The eBay Inc deals basically in three businesses i.e. (Yahoo Finance n.d.)eBay marketplace it provides online e-commerce platform that fosters buyers and sellers interactions and trading with each other. It allows sellers to list items for sale on and auction or fixed price basis. The buyers are given options to sport for and purchase desired items. It also provides feedback forum, verified rights owner programs, safe arrest programs, loyalty programs, and customer support.Online payment serv ices with the help of PayPal, it aims to create new global standards for online payments. It enables customers with an email address for receiving and sending online payments. This provides various services like Bill Me Later transactional credit for U.S. online consumers at the time of sale, verification of PayPal, withdrawing of currency by account holder, trust and safety programs etc. its safety programs are to reassure customers about the secure online service on eBay.Skype Internet telephone setThe success of online auction industry depends upon expertise in technology, talented human resource, product innovation, after sales service, technical assistance, customer services, accurate billing, advertising and e-commerce. This also includes gaining a large customer base retaining existing customers, secure payment and range of products. EBay offers collectibles, real estates, vehicles office equipments etc. It fosters its customers to create individualize auctions and onlin e stores for selling used or new products. Its peer reviews creates confidence and operation in global market opens new markets. The supply chain at eBay isThe eBay core competencies were bidding site, technical proficiency and usability. Its major focus is on connecting people and focus on community. Therefore, it exploits benefits of customer relationship management. Its revenues are from lean and commission on completed sales. The e-commerce helped eBay to establish worldwide electronic auction. This fostered staggering sales and profit growth over the previous years. The main product helped to increase profits were eBay motors, media and collectibles.E-commerce and Web technology 2.0 also fostered greater impact on the popularity of Amazon and eBay companies. The e-commerce helps the organisation to provide convenience to buyers and sellers. Here, every transaction or request is based on Internet, so buyers job is just to click the items to be purchased, add in the shopping c art and make payment. This helps to save time as well as compare products of opposite brands from different e-shopping stores. The e-commerce ability to provide safe and confidential transactions creates trust. The company offers to deliver safe and timely products and in some cases, full give back of money if goods are damaged. The web technologies 2.0 includes various complaisant networking platforms such as Face book, orkut, etc. the Face book has 200 million users whereas orkut has 60 million users and Myspace has 110 million users. Among 200 million users of face book, one-half of the users login on the site each day. The integration of online market place with tender networks, provides higher satisfaction to the consumer as here, transactions are done with social friends. Web technology 2.0 allows consumers to play active role in as well as get involved in the website content. This helps the business to gain trust, credibility and popularity. It helps to create communities on the basis on existing products building relationship and exploring new relationships with their customers. Web 2.0 technologies help to establish and strengthen brand recognition and allow customer to be retained. EBay has detailed feed back report that bridges the gap between organisation and customers. Face book platform is used to promote eBay business. EBay Auctions application helps to show auction listing on personal Face book profile. The customers can also browse friends auctions, search, creating wish lists, comment etc. Thus, e-commerce helped Amazon and eBay to gain competitive advantage through implementing e-commerce in their business as well as web technology 2.0 provides various social network platforms to the company. This social network fostered them to prisonbreak from static web pages to dynamic websites, where users can upload or give comment or their opinions freely. This ultimately helped the company to bridge the gap between firm and consumer and also fos tered better understanding of their customer base, and as tools of promotions to their offerings. Thus, e-commerce and web 2.0 helped organisation to achieve its triple bottom line more efficiently and effectively.

Effect of Glucosamine on Knee Osteoarthritis

Effect of Glucosamine on stifle degene assive say disease surveil OF LITERATUREA prototypical 12-week, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of glucosamine among subjects with human stifle degenerative vocalize disease was conducted to present the synthetic rubber and hard-hittingness over the Internet. The interpret comprised 205 subjects aged 45 years or older with symptomatic knee degenerative arthritis and their eligibility was authenticate through medical record review. Participants were administered randomly to 1.5 g/d of glucosamine (n101) or placebo (n104), of whom 108 completed the intervention (93 in each arm). The primary quill consequence barroom was the spite subscale of the westerly Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (Likert version) while additional outcome measures were corporal belong and stiffness subscales and over only construct of the questionnaire, and pain pill use. It was plunge that there was no difference between interference and control stems in terms of change in pain brand, stiffness, physical function, overall score, and analgesic use. Although glucosamine was appeared to be safe, it was no more telling than placebo in treating the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. (McAlindon et al. 2004)A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to judge the eficacy of Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). Fifty men and women with knee OA pain were enrolled in an outpatient medical center. Intervention was MSM 3 g or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks (6 g/day total). Outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index visual analogue scale (WOMAC), patient and physician worldwide assessments (disease status, response to therapy), and SF-36 (overall health- cogitate quality of life). It was demonstrate that MSM produced significant decreases in WOMAC pain and physical function impairment as compared to placebo. MSM also produced improvement in acting activities of daily living when compared to placebo on the SF-36 evaluation. The effectiveness and preventative of MSM in managing OA and long-run use could not confirm from this pilot trial, but its potential clinical application was examined. (Kim et al. 2005)A education was carried to mensurate the efficacy and upper GI (UGI) safety of celecoxib, compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorys), among patients with osteoarthritis. A total of 13,274 osteoarthritis patients from 39 countries were randomly assign to double-blind manipulation with either celecoxib degree centigrade mg twice daily (BID), celecoxib 200 mg BID, or nonselective NSAID therapy (diclofenac 50 mg BID or naproxen cholecalciferol mg BID) for 12 weeks. Standard validated measures were used to assess osteoarthritis efficacy. Serious UGI events were evaluated by 2 blinded, self-governing, gastrointestinal events committees. It was observed that bot h dosages of celecoxib were as effective as NSAIDs in treating osteoarthritis. However, ulcer complications occurred within the nonselective NSAID root word as compared with the celecoxib separate. There were less ulcer complications in the celecoxib group compared with the NSAID group, both in patients taking incident aspirin and those not taking aspirin, but the difference reached statistical deduction only in the latter exchangeableity. The cardiovascular thromboembolic events were low and not statistically different among the groups, but the canvass was not powered to detect such differences. It is concluded that celecoxib is as effective as the nonspecific NSAIDs naproxen and diclofenac, but has significantly fewer serious upper gastrointestinal events in the interference of osteoarthritis. (Singh et al. 2006)The aim of the engage was to assess the efficacy of bromelain in treating OA of the knee. The study design was randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial. Subjects (n47) with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe knee OA were randomized to 12 weeks of bromelain 800 mg/day or placebo, with a 4-week follow-up. Knee (pain, stiffness and function) and quality-of-life symptoms were reported monthly in the WOMAC and SF36 questionnaires, respectively. Adverse events were also recorded. The primary outcome measure was the change in total WOMAC score from service line to the end of treatment at week 12. Longitudinal gravels were used to evaluate outcome. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for the primary outcome, nor the WOMAC subscales or SF36. Both treatment groups showed clinically relevant improvement in the WOMAC constipation subscale only. Adverse events were generally mild in nature. This study suggested that bromelain was not legal as an adjunctive treatment of moderate to severe OA, but its limitations endure the need for a follow-up study. (Brien et al. 2006)The aim of this study was to e valuate and reach the non-inferiority of an oral enzyme therapy as compared to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DC) in patients with hip osteoarthritis. 90 patients were treated with osteoarthritis pain for 6 weeks in one study centre in a phase III, randomised, double blind, parallel group trial. The subjects were divided into two groups, 45 patients in each group. The efficacy criteria were assessed by applying the test of non-inferiority with regard to mean changes and frequencies, t-test, U test, ANCOVA and descriptive methods. The non-inferiority of oral enzymes as compared to Diclofenac was established with p = 0.0025. The oral enzymes used were bromelain, trypsin and rutosid. It was found that oral enzymes were simultaneously non-inferior as compared to Diclofenac. However, in case of drug tolerability, some tendencies were observed in favour of oral enzymes. Although, there was no real difference found between oral enzymes and Diclofenac but ora l enzymes may well(p) be prescribed for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. (Klein et al. 2006)The aim of the study was to provide a summary of the actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes from the available literature with the use of a text-mining tool. Both the potential benefits and drawbacks of apply this chemopreventive agent for treating osteoarthritis (OA) were highlighted. Recent clip had shown that curcumin protects human chondrocytes from the catabolic actions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 up-regulation, inhibition of collagen type II and down-regulation of b1-integrin conceptualisation. Curcumin also blocks IL-1b-induced proteoglycan degradation, AP-1/NF-kB signalling, chondrocyte apoptosis and activation of caspase-3. The available data in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that curcumin may be a beneficial complementary treatment for OA in humans and companion animals. (Henrotin et al. 2009)The aim of the study was to assess whether glucosamine (GlcN), an oral appendage commonly taken to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis, modulates the immune and inflammatory responses to joint detriment in organs proximal to GlcN absorption namely, the liver and the gut-draining lymph nodes. Using a papain-injected knee mouse model, threadbare histological methods were used to validate our model and document the impact of GlcN (100 mg/kg/day) on groups of C57BL/6 mice (n 5). circulate inflammatory cytokines were assessed by Luminex-based immunoassays and the relevance of this cytokine profile on proteoglycan biosynthesis evaluated using a patellar- cartilage assay. Real-time PCR was used to document the role of the liver in cytokine production. It was observed that Papain significantly degraded the proteoglycans in the injected knees by 2 days. cartilage proteoglycan content was significantly higher(prenominal) in GlcN-treated, papain-injected knees at Day 14. The round top concentration of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines occurred earlier and decreased sooner in the injected, GlcN-supplemented mice this trend was in agreement with the expression of these factors by the liver. GlcN did not depart the percentage of MLN populations but accelerated their activation. Hence, it was suggested that Oral GlcN alters the physiology of the liver and MLNs, which in turn, could indirectly alter the biology of the injured joint. (Panicker et al. 2009)A tether month study was conducted on curcumin-phosphatidylcholine phytosome complex. The joint pain was decreased and improvement in joint function was observed in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. The patients were evaluated with clinical endpoints score, Karnofsky Performance musical scale Index, and treadmill walking performance and ESR. The significant improvements of both the clinical and biochemical endpoints were observed. (Belcaro et al. 2010)The aim of study was to determine the effect of bromelain treatment on eyetooth a rticular chondrocytes in vitro. This research was make to evaluate viability of cell, apoptosis levels and mitosis, proteoglycan concentrations and the expression of certain genes. Chondrocytes were exposed to 50 g/ml bromelain for 4, 16 and 32 h. It was found that the rate of apoptosis in the treatment groups was significantly bring low than in the control groups. The rate of mitosis in treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control groups. The effect of bromelain on gene expression was careful by the real-time PCR technique. It was found that bromelain significantly decreased TIMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. These experimental bromelain treatments had shown collateral results, and increased the process of healing and modulation of osteoarthritis. (Siengdee et al. 2010)The aim of this study was to evaluate that actual cartilage AGE levels were directly related to actual cartilage harm in OA patients. The actual cartilage AGE levels were directly related to actual ca rtilage damage by use of cartilage obtained at joint replacement surgery. During study, Cartilage and urine samples were obtained from 69 patients undergoing total knee replacement. Samples were analyzed for pentosidine as marker of AGE. Cartilage damage was evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically. It was found that there was an inverse relation between cartilage AGEs and actual cartilage damage in end-stage OA. This was likely due to ongoing (ineffective) increased turnover of cartilage matrix proteins even in end stage disease. (Vos et al. 2011)The study was done to assess the ability of curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val in reducing the cycloxygenase-2 secretion by synovial peregrines monocytes compared to diclofenac sodium in patients with osteoarthritis. The study was prospective randomized open end blinded evaluation (PROBE). The subjects with knee osteoarthritis were divided into two main groups randomly. One group received 30 mg of curcuminoid thric e a day while other group received 25 mg of diclofenac sodium 3 times in a day. The joints aspiration was carried out and cycloxygenase-2 enzyme secretion by synovial fluids monocytes was evaluated by scoring method before and after 4 weeks of treatments. In first group the average hemorrhoid were 1.840.37 and 1.150.28 respectively (pet al. 2012)An experimental study was conducted containing a formulation of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata fires. The efficacy and safety of these extracts was measured and directly compared with the celecoxib in osteoarthritis patients. The treatment was tolerated well and it did not produce any major side effects. The patients were analysed by the critical signs, hemogram, liver and renal function tests. This formulation was proved to be effective and safe and no toxicity related with dose was found. (Kizhakkedath 2013)A multicenter, empiric and prospective study was carried out on a complex of three natural anti-inflammatory agents. These ag ents include Harpagophytum procumbens,Curcuma longa, and bromelain nutraceuticals. The solve of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of commercial complex complex of 3 plant extracts in the treatment of osteoarthritis pain. The patients were divided into two groups i.e. acute and chronic. At baseline, the watercraft pain score was 69.1 mm (15.4) and 68.0 mm (18.2) for patients with acute andchronic pain, respectively. At the endpoint, the scores decreased to 42.1 mm (21.1) and 37.8 mm (25.9), respectively. At the endpoint, most of the patients have reached the trim pain level. No side effects were found due to treatment withdrawals. These 3 plant extracts had excellent tolerance profile and found to be safe alternative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. (Mathieu P et al. 2014)The purpose of this study was to analyse efficacy of extracted Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) from chicken keel cartilages, its comparison with s tandard CS from shark origin alone and in combine with Glucosamine Sulfate (GS) in developed and standardized papain induced Osteoarthritis (OA) rat model. One group that was control received sterile normal saline solution while other experimental group received papain intra-articularly. certainty of disease with respect to time was assessed on the basis of histological lesions scores. The treatment effectiveness un-treated and treated group was assessed on the basis of histological lesions scores. sermon was started from 29th day and was continued till 60th day of state of affairs papain injection. It was found that histological lesions score was not reduced in cartilages of OA group that remained un-treated. However, structural changes were reduced and were found to be close to the control groups that were treated. histological lesions score was observed highest in un-treated Osteoarthritis group followed by GS treated, standard CS, extracted CS, extracted CS plus GS and stan dard CS plus GS. There was uttermost step-down in histological lesions score in groups treated with combinations. The score of group treated with standard CS (shark) was almost similar to extracted CS (chicken) alone and extracted CS plus GS. CS (chicken) was proved to be effective and beneficial in reducing progression of disease. (Khan et al. 2014)The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of oral spice up for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral ginger treatment with placebo in OA patients aged greater than 18 years. Outcome measures were step-down in pain and disability. The efficacy was measured using Hedges standardized mean difference (SMD), and safety by risk ratio (RR). Standard random-effects meta-analysis was used, and inconsistency was evaluated by the I-squared might (I2). Following ginger intake, a statistically significant pain reduction with a low degree of inconsistency, and a statistically significant reduction in disability were seen, both in favor of ginger. Patients given ginger were more than twice as likely to break away treatment compared to placebo. powdered ginger was found modestly efficacious and reasonably safe for treatment of osteoarthritis. (Bartels et al. 2014)The study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in pain reduction and functional improvement. 367 primary knee osteoarthritis patients with a pain score of 5 or higher were randomized to receive ibuprofen 1,200 mg/day or C. domestica extracts 1,500 mg/day for 4 weeks. The main outcomes were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC function scores. Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. 185 and 182 patients were randomly assigned into C. domestica extracts and ibuprofen groups, respectively. The baseline characteristics were no different b etween groups. The mean of all WOMAC scores at weeks 0, 2, and 4 showed significant improvement when compared with the baseline in both groups. After using the noninferiority test, the mean difference (95% confidence interval) of WOMAC total, WOMAC pain, and WOMAC function scores at week 4 adjusted by set at week 0 of C. domestica extracts were noninferior to those for the ibuprofen group, except for the WOMAC stiffness subscale. The sum of events of abdominal pain/discomfort was significantly higher in the ibuprofen group than that in the C. domestica extracts group. Most subjects were satisfied with the treatment, and two-thirds rated themselves as improved in a global assessment. It was concluded that C. domestica extracts are as effective as ibuprofen for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The side effect profile was similar but with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events reports in the C. domestica extracts group. (Kuptniratsaikul et al. 2014)The retrospective data-based st udy was conducted to assess the experiences of 820 patients treated with a late Curcuma extract (Flexofytol, 4-6 capsules per day), for more than 6 months for various forms of painful osteoarthritis. These experiences were reported by cx Belgian general practitioners via a questionnaire that included quality-of-life parameters for assessing patient experience. Data were submitted to an independent statistician for analysis. Within the first 6 weeks, Flexofytol improved patient pain, articular mobility, and quality of life. Excellent tolerance was reported, and more than half of these patients were able to discontinue analgaesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Patient satisfaction was confirmed by their decision to admit Flexofytol therapy for more than 6 months. It was found that Flexofytol which was based on a new preparation of curcumin, is as a potential neutraceutical for the care of patients complaining of joint problems, with excellent tolerance and rapid benefits for articula r mobility, pain, and quality of life. (Appelboom et al. 2014)

Essay --

Violence The television media is so strong and important in todays world that it is considered to be the virtually important horizon of a countrys infrastructure. It is widely believed that those countries that view the television media and other(a) forms of mass media control the whole world as they have control over the strength to express their have opinion as sanitary as that of others. In todays world wars are non only fought in the battlefields but also on the media. The adept who is strongest and most efficient in this regard has the highest chance of victory. Though the military power and strategic planning of the leaders are more important as they play the key role, but when it comes to get the favor of the international federation on your argument and to form a positive opinion or so yourself, media is the most powerful tool. It also helps in keeping the morale of your own public and soldiers high and to create confusion and a situation of madhouse among the pe ople of your opponent. These were the strong and aggressive media campaigns during the Second World War and recently in the gulf war that contributed to a considerable level brought victory to the U.S forces. The U.S media fully backed the policies of the government and followed the strategies defined by them. Realizing the importance of the media umteen of the other countries started giving attention in the development of this sector. No one definition of terrorism has gained universal acceptance. For the purposes of this report, however, we have chosen the definition of terrorism contained in Title 22 of the United States Code, Section 2656f(d). That statute contains the quest definitions The term terrorism means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated ag... ...nts to live. That was do for CNN, but the reporting was lousy, with incompetent people (beautiful people are not necessarily smart), who stated such inane things that it was confounding. Not ONE crie d. In fact, Ive seen several reporters in France on the border of smiling ah, finally the Americans got infatuated This is the essence of the so-called anti-globalization people. It was deserved as Americans pretend to rule the world, wasnt it? If you recover that you feel anxious or stressed after watching a news program, if you feel you cannot turn off the television or match in recreational activities, or if you have trouble sleeping, you may indispensableness to contemplate confining the amount and type of media coverage that you are viewing. works Cited Definitions Patterns of Global Terrorism 2000 April 24, 2003, http//www.fattyboombatty.com/2000terrorismreport.htm

Enrich Maria Remarque: A Militant Pacifist :: essays research papers

Enrich female horse Remarque A Militant PacifistThe First macrocosm War was a horrible experience for all sides involved, no one was immune to the effect of this global conflict, and each country was changed in many bearings. Erich mare Remarque was drafted into World War I at age 18. In 1929 Remarques commencement ceremony book All softened on the Western Front was print. throughout the book, the death and destruction caused by battle is clearly shown. Remarques novel is a statement against warfare, focusing dramatically on the extreme effects of war on the humanity of soldiers.BiographyErich Paul Remark was born on June 22, 1898 In Western Germany. In 1913 Remark began to attend a teachers college called Osnabrucks Lehrerseminar. During his third year when he was eighteen he was drafted into the war. After refinement basic training in the war he was assigned to a reserve battalion. His mother became very ill, so he was often allowed to understand her. In June 1917 he wa s reassigned to a trench unit. Remark was soon hurt by grenade splinters and rushed to St. Vincenz hospital in Duisburg during 1917-1918. His mother died objet dart he was in the hospital. After a year in the hospital he returned to Osnabruck for further training. The war had ended before Witt 2he returned to active duty. After the war he changed his middle adduce to Maria after his mother.Remark went back to college after the war. He graduated and started his two-year substitute training in 1919. Finally he got bored teaching, and did divergent odd jobs such as, playing organ on Sundays at an unsound asylum, working for a tombstone firm, working as a subatomic town drama critic, and racing sports cars. In 1920 he published a novel that was so bad he changed the spelling of his last name to Remarque. His book All Quiet on the Western Front was published in 1929 and Remarque became a spokesman of a generation that was destroyed by war-Kirjas. Many people loved the book, and ac cording to New York Times, All Quiet was one of the best-known anti-war novels ever, which decepted the horrors of war from the point of view of the ordinary soldiers. In 1930 the Nazis banned his books and burned them at the famous book burning in 1933 Remarque later stated, I was only misunderstood where people went out of their way to misunderstand me.

molecular structure :: essays research papers

Molecular Structure LabObjectiveFor this experiment we took two different molecule and virtu in ally dissected them finding everything about them including stick with length, bond angles, the bitch on each pinpoint, the non bonded infinites between atoms and the energy contravention between the highest and lowest molecular(a) orbital.ProcedureThe procedure is to use HyperChem fat-free to get the information needed from each molecule. But explained in blanket(a) on page 16 and 17 in the lab manual. infoThe following selective information was found about CH4 (methane).The bond length from vitamin C to all four total heat atom was the same measurement that came to be about 1.113Not only are the lengths between all the hydrogen atoms to the nose candy atoms the same so are the angles between the hydrogen atoms, all coming out to be about 109.47.The non-bonded distances between all the separate of the molecule are 1.818.The charge on the Carbon atom is -.143 all told of the hydrogen atoms have the same charge being .036The following data was collected by HyperChem Lite for C2H5OH (ethanol).All the distances between bonded Carbon and Hydrogen atoms were 1.115.The distance of the bonded oxygen (3) to hydrogen (9) was .942.The distance between bonded Carbon (1) to oxygen (3) was 1.40.Bond angle 5,1,4 was 109.8Bond angle 3,1,2 was 108.9Bond angle 6,2,8 was 107.9The smallest non-bonded distance was between atoms 9 (hydrogen) and 6 (hydrogen) it was 4.067.The largest distance between two atoms was from 6 to 8 1.802.The charge on the Carbon atoms were Carbon 1=.466, and Carbon 2=-.076Hydrogen charges were as follows Hydrogens 4,5=-.004, 6=.021, 7,8=.020, and the charge of hydrogen 9=.447And lastly the charge on the oxygen atom was -.891CalculationsFormulas used in the lab&61508E = hv = hc/&615481 ev = 1.6022E-19 Joules&61508E is the energy difference between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO).h = Planks constant = 6. 63E-34 Jsc = move of light = 3.00E8 m/sformal charge = number of valency electrons ( of unshared electrons + of bonds)Volume of an ellipsoid is V = &61520/6 (a + 1)(b+1)(c+1) = x3A,b,and c are the skeletal lengths of the molecule. CH4&61508E = (-15.51ev)-(-24.49ev) = 8.98ev = 1.44E-18 J&61548 = hc/&61508E = (6.63E-34 Js)(3.00E8 m/s)/(1.44E-18 J) = 1.38E-7 m = 138nmThe wavelength of CH4 is 138nm and this resides in the ultra-violet spectrum and is not unmistakable to the naked eye. Formal charge of Carbon = 4-(0+4) = 0Formal weight down of Hydrogens = 1-(0+1) = 0

The Symbol of the Heart in The Floating Opera Essay -- Floating Opera

The Symbol of the Heart in The move Opera The center of attention is the dominant symbol in The Floating Opera, more important nevertheless than the symbol of the showboat of the novels title. From beginning to end the book is richly populated by references to the spunk on both a literal, physical level, and a figurative, symbolical one. In the first case, literal references are made to Todds heart condition. In the second case, the heart plays two symbolic roles not only does it assist as a symbol of Todds emotional and non-rational side, but the frailty of Todds heart serves as a correlative for the fragility of all(prenominal) human life. This topic will examine several examples from The Floating Opera that demonstrate this multi-levelled rule of the heart. Hearts make an early appearance in the text, in the in truth first chapter, when Todd describes his heart condition a kind of subacute bacteriological endocarditis1. This condition predisposes Todd towards myocardial infarction (heart attack), and consequently Todd writes, What that means is that any twenty-four hour period I whitethorn fall quickly dead, without warning - perhaps out front I complete this sentence, perhaps twenty years from now.2 Although this may seem to be a purely literal device, Barth is using Todds heightened ken of the delicateness of his own life as an exaggerated symbol for the vulnerability of all human life. This early focus upon the heart continues due to the centrality in the novels secret plan of Todds decision to kill himself, and his subsequent change of mind. At the mall of this decision to suicide is Todds realisation that his life has been governed by his heart (his emotions), in spite of his best efforts to live by will, causation and intellect My heart was the master... ...when Froebel had Parnassus in his pan?8 This quotation is demonstrative of both the inability of reason to overcome emotions - the very problem which Todd has grappled with for much of his life, and which lies centrally in The Floating Opera - and also of Todds acute awareness of that inability. This, like so galore(postnominal) of the facts in the narrative, has both a symbolic and a literal meaning, and shows the utmost to which the heart and what it stands for permeate the fabric of the entire novel. Bibliography Barth, John, The Floating Opera and The polish off of the Road, base Books, New York, 1988. Endnotes 1 Barth, John, The Floating Opera and The End of the Road, Anchor Books, New York, 1988, p. 5. (All subsequent page numbers refer to this book.) 2 p. 5. 3 p. 226. 4 p. 49. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 p. 124. 8 pp. 94-5

A Prolonged Civil Conflict :: essays research papers

The reasons why the Vietnam contend lasted so long is a very contr everyplacesial subject among Americans. thither is no simple answer to as why the war lasted so long. Many factors have to be considered when analyzing the war. The first factor that has to be considered is whether or not the U.S. really belonged in the Vietnam War in the first place. The initial reason that the U.S. became involved in Vietnam was because they thought that North Vietnam was going to Russia and China, which were communist countries, for support. Because of the containment policy, the U.S. felt it had to defend second Vietnam from communism. They thought that Russia was trying to take over Europe and make it one communist state. Herring says, &8220The United States officially committed itself to he containment of Soviet expansion in Europe, and throughout the close two years attention was riveted on France, where economic stagnation and semipolitical instability aroused grave fears of communists takeover (11). However, all Ho and North Vietnam valued was for their country to be reunited. &8220For the Vietminh, unification of their not only represented fulfilment of the centuries-old dream of Vietnamese nationalists unless also was economic necessity (8). The Vietminh asked the U.S. for support but because they thought that North Vietnam was influenced by Russia, the U.S. turned them down. It was not until later that the Vietminh went to monoamine oxidase Tse-tung&8217s Chinese Communists for support out of desperateness. From the very beginning, &8220the U.S. had attached itself to a losing cause (19). Because the U.S. was obsessed with the domino theory and a communist threat in due southeast Asia, they became involved in and were partly to blame for prolonging a well-behaved conflict.After the U.S. had initially become involved in Vietnam&8217s well-bred conflict, they kept getting more and more involved. Besides several fail raids the U.S. also kept sending more an d more troops into South Vietnam. The massive bomb raids and the continuous flow of troops into South Vietnam naturalised the U.S.&8217s policy they were willing to give full support to South Vietnam and fight in a war in order to chequer the spread of communism. As Herring says, the U.S. also insisted &8220that an important interest had been effected that had to be defended for the sake of U.S. credibility throughout the world (309).This leads to the second factor to as why the war lasted so long.

Macbeth: The True Nature of Man :: essays research papers

In the ferment Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the former tries to show the true nature of man by using the plays main character, Macbeth, as an example. He is overly ambitious, courageous, and self-doubting. Throughout the play, Shakespeare displays these characteristics to the earshot through Macbeth to show the true nature of man. At the end of the play, these characteristics at long last lead to Macbeths downfall(a). In the fount of the play, Macbeth is described as be valiant. He is a skilled warrior, who is loyal to his king and his country. just about single-handedly, he wins the war for Scotland. He defeats many of the enemy soldiers, including a traitor, all in the name of his king. But, when three witches encounter Macbeth and his friend Banquo, Macbeths inhalation begins to grow. They tell Macbeth that he will be Thane of Cawdor and King. Soon after, Macbeth meets with King Duncan. He informs Macbeth that he is the new Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth is astonished, and f rom then on he is obsessed with be king. His rivalry begins to become ruthless when Duncan proclaims that his son Malcolm is the Prince of Cumberland, and therefore, the heir to the throne The Prince of Cumberland That is a step/On which I must fall down, or else oerleap, /For in my government agency it lies. Stars, hide your fires/Let not light jaw my black and deep desires/The eye wink at the hand to that extent let that be/Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. (I,iv,48-53) At this moment, Macbeth, realizing that they stand in the way of the witches prophecies, decides that both Duncan and Malcolm need to die for him to be king. As soon as Macbeth kills Duncan, he enters into a world of evil. Later in the play, Macbeths ambition becomes increasingly ruthless. He kills his best friend Banquo, and almost kills Banquos son, Fleance, because he believes they would stand in the way of his reign. The witches told Banquo Thou shall get kings, grammegh thou be none. (I,iii,6 7) This means that Banquo himself would not be a king, but that his successors would be. Macbeth tries to prohibit this by killing Banquo and his son Fleance. Even though Macbeth can be called a tyrant and a murderer, he is nonetheless, very courageous. In the beginning of the play, he fights very bravely for his king and country.

Cuban Reform Essay -- International Government

Since the Cuban revolution, Cuba has been characterized as having a powerful concentrate government and as being socialist in nature. Fidel Castro maintained leaders of Cuba from 1959 until 2008 and guarded Cuba away from capitalistic political orientation. Throughout his presidency, he was able to lop the establishment of privatization and economic liberalization. For instance, as late as 2006 the public welkin made up 78% of the economy and the private orbit whole made up 22% of the economy (Oxfam). However, with the election of Raul Castro in 2008 by the National Assembly, there seems to be a shift in ideology that is less antagonistic toward decentralizing power, privatization, and economic liberalization. Raul Castro has brought reforms to Cuba that limit the power of government, weakens the play of communist hardliners, and boost the ability of the Cuban people to participate in the economy without government supervision. All in all, Raul Castro is preparing Cuba for a power point in which the Cuban Communist Party is becoming more moderate and market-oriented practices atomic number 18 being sought after and implemented.One of the biggest reforms in Cuba has been the implementation of condition limits on political offices. They were first proposed at the Communist Party home(a) conference in 2011, in which Raul Castro urged the adoption of ten-year statuss, including a two five-year bourne limit for the presidency (Bo). The proposal of circumstance limits manifested itself from Castros plan to break democracy into Cuban politics. He believes that the term limits will allow clean ideas into government as a result of more people move in Cubas political system over a shorter head of time. The proposals popularity proved itself when it w... ...food production and the benefits of localizing it.Neill, Morgan. Raul Castro Pushes Change for Cubans. CNN. Cable intelligence activity Network, 26 Apr. aTalks about the profits made by p rivate farmers after they were given land for food growing.Robles, Frances. Cubans Who Work to a greater extent Will Get Higher Salaries. MiamiHerald. Miami Herald, 11 June 2008. Web. 01 Apr. 2012.Explains the changes from flat rate issue to struggle that respond to work ethic and position.Social Policy at the Crossroads. Oxfamamerica. Oxfam, 05 Mar. 2009. Web. 02 Apr. 2012.Gives the statistic of the amount of food Cuba imports.Sullivan, Mark. Cuba Issues for the 112th Congress. Congressional Reasearch Service. Federation of American Scientists, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2012.Report that informs of the economic changes undergoing Cuba since Raul Castros presidency, financial statistics. Cuban Reform leaven -- Inter subject field Government Since the Cuban revolution, Cuba has been characterized as having a powerful alter government and as being socialist in nature. Fidel Castro maintained leadership of Cuba from 1959 until 2008 and guarded Cuba away from capital istic ideology. Throughout his presidency, he was able to qualify the establishment of privatization and economic liberalization. For instance, as late as 2006 the public sector made up 78% of the economy and the private sector precisely made up 22% of the economy (Oxfam). However, with the election of Raul Castro in 2008 by the National Assembly, there seems to be a shift in ideology that is less antagonistic toward decentralizing power, privatization, and economic liberalization. Raul Castro has brought reforms to Cuba that limit the power of government, weakens the mould of communist hardliners, and boost the ability of the Cuban people to participate in the economy without government supervision. All in all, Raul Castro is preparing Cuba for a period in which the Cuban Communist Party is becoming more moderate and market-oriented practices are being sought after and implemented.One of the biggest reforms in Cuba has been the implementation of term limits on political of fices. They were first proposed at the Communist Party national conference in 2011, in which Raul Castro urged the adoption of ten-year terms, including a two five-year term limit for the presidency (Bo). The proposal of term limits manifested itself from Castros plan to scarper democracy into Cuban politics. He believes that the term limits will allow parvenu ideas into government as a result of more people dynamic in Cubas political system over a shorter period of time. The proposals popularity proved itself when it w... ...food production and the benefits of localizing it.Neill, Morgan. Raul Castro Pushes Change for Cubans. CNN. Cable newsworthiness Network, 26 Apr. aTalks about the profits made by private farmers after they were given land for food growing.Robles, Frances. Cubans Who Work more than Will Get Higher Salaries. MiamiHerald. Miami Herald, 11 June 2008. Web. 01 Apr. 2012.Explains the changes from flat rate wages to wages that respond to work ethic and positio n.Social Policy at the Crossroads. Oxfamamerica. Oxfam, 05 Mar. 2009. Web. 02 Apr. 2012.Gives the statistic of the amount of food Cuba imports.Sullivan, Mark. Cuba Issues for the 112th Congress. Congressional Reasearch Service. Federation of American Scientists, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2012.Report that informs of the economic changes undergoing Cuba since Raul Castros presidency, financial statistics.